农村留守老人社会工作服务的类型和内容探讨

Discussion on the Types and Contents of Social Work Services for the Left-behind Elderly in Rural Areas

综合运用社会工作专业理念、知识、方法和技巧服务农村留守老人,是构建农村留守老人关爱服务体系的重要内容。基于笔者近三年来开展的农村留守老人社会工作服务实践,依据社会工作服务功能实现的划分,认为农村留守老人的社会工作服务主要包括保护性服务、支持性服务、补充性服务、替代性服务、发展性服务等类型;从危机干预、救助服务、日常照顾、生活环境改造、家庭关系辅导、老年教育、精神慰藉、社会支持网络构建、社区参与、权益保障、政策倡导、临终关怀等方面,分析农村留守老人社会工作服务的具体内容。

It is an important part for the construction of care service system for the elderly left behind in rural areas to serve them with comprehensive professional concepts, knowledge, methods and skills of the social work. Based on the practice of social work service for the left-behind elderly in recent three years, it is believed that social work service for the left-behind elderly mainly includes protective service, supportive service, complementary service, alternative service and developmental service in terms of the service function of social work. The present paper analyzed the major contents of social work for left-behind elderly in rural areas, such as crisis intervention, rescue services, daily care, living environment transformation, family relationship counseling, the elder education, spiritual consolation, social support network construction, community participation, rights and interest protection, policy advocacy, and hospice care.