组蛋白修饰作为表观遗传肿瘤标志物的研究进展

Research progress in histone modifications as epigenetic tumor markers

核小体是由DNA和五种组蛋白形成的染色质基本结构单位。组蛋白修饰作为表观遗传学研究的重要内容,其N端尾区可通过甲基化、泛素化、巴豆酰化、乙酰化、磷酸化、ADP核糖基化、糖基化和类泛素化(small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO)等修饰,改变染色质的状态以及调控基因的表达,进而引起肿瘤的发生与发展。组蛋白的修饰和肿瘤的关系已经得到共识,成为当前研究的热点。因此探讨组蛋白修饰和肿瘤的关系,更深入地研究疾病的致病机制,在疾病治疗中寻找靶向标志物,可为肿瘤的诊断、治疗和预后提供新方法。本文就近年来发现的各种组蛋白修饰及其可能作为表观遗传肿瘤标志物的研究进展进行了综述。

Nucleosome is the basic structural unit of chromatin formed by DNA and five histones. As an important part of epigenetic research, histone modification can change chromatin status and regulate gene expression through such modifications as methylation, ubiquitination, crotonylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ADP ribosylation, glycosylation, and small ubiquitin-like modifier modification at the N-terminus, which leads to the development and progression of tumor. The relationship between histone modification and tumor has been widely recognized and has become the focus of current research. Therefore, new ways for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis predication of tumor may be found by exploring the relationship between histone modification and tumor, investigating more in-depth pathogenesis of diseases, and looking for targeted markers in the treatment of diseases. This article summarizes the research progress in various recently discovered histone modifications and their possibility of being used as epigenetic tumor markers.