从“国家”到“地方”:中国现代国家改造中的“战略退却”——对五四运动和联省自治运动关系的一种考察

From the “National” to the “Local”:The “Strategic Retreat” of the Chinese Modern Reconstruction:A Study on the Relationship between the May 4th Movement and the Joint Provincial Autonomy Movement

从五四运动到联省自治运动所体现的中国现代国家改造走向地方的总体过程可以视为一种“战略退却”,实际上是“五四”知识精英和地方政治精英在国家改造问题上不约而同地退而求其次和顺“势”而为。五四爱国运动对中国现代国家改造成效和局限并存,成为联省自治运动兴起的一个基本背景和条件。通过主体参与、思潮和舆论传播、制度平台等途径,中国现代国家改造实现了从“五四”到“联省”即从“国家”走向“地方”的变化。五四运动与联省自治运动的历史连接,彰显了从1919年甚至是1912年直至1949年中国政治演化从分散走向集中的关键转换。

The overall process of Chinese modern transformation reverting to the local levels, which was represented by the transformation from the May 4th movement to the joint provincial autonomy movement, can be regarded as a “strategic retreat,” which actually indicated that the “May 4th” intellectual elites and the local political elites spontaneously retreated and followed the “trend” of national transformation. There were both benefits and limitations of the May 4th movement to the national transformation, which resulted in the basic conditions for implementation of the movement for joint provincial autonomy. Through participation by the subjects and dissemination of ideological trends and public opinion as well as the platform of the system, the modern national transformation realized the changes from the “May 4th movement” to the “joint provincial autonomy movement,” that is, from “the national” to “the local.” The historical connections between the May 4th movement and the joint provincial autonomy movement highlight the key transformation in China’s political evolution from 1912 to 1919 to 1949.