农业高效节水灌溉模式选择研究进展

Research progress in irrigation mode selection of high-efficiency water-saving agriculture

随着节水农业的发展,高效节水灌溉成为破解农业水资源短缺的关键途径,因地制宜选择适应区域可持续发展需要的高效节水灌溉模式尤为重要,但农业高效节水灌溉模式选择研究中仍存在一系列的难题亟待解决.通过分析农业高效节水灌溉模式选择的影响因素、综合绩效评价和风险等相关研究成果,发现影响因素指标选取较为随意,偏重性较强,缺乏一套规范、科学的指标选取标准;综合绩效评价层次众多,动态变量和不确定性因素波动大,社会绩效和生态环境绩效难以量化,缺乏统一公认的绩效评价指标体系和与其配套的实用评价模型;高效节水灌溉模式的选择受到众多风险因子制约,其风险因子分类识别较为复杂,选择风险与灌溉绩效之间的定量关系难以确定等问题,并对未来农业高效节水灌溉模式研究的发展趋势进行了展望.

With development of water-saving agriculture,high-efficiency water-saving irrigation has become a key way to solve the shortage of agricultural water resources. It is very important that a high-efficiency water-saving irrigation mode is selected based on the need of regional sustainable development and local conditions. However,there is still a series of problems unsolved in selection of agricultural high-efficiency water-saving irrigation mode now. Based on the above background,the relevant study results were reviewed in terms of influencing factors analysis,comprehensive performance evaluation and risk analysis of mode selection of agricultural high-efficiency water-saving irrigation. It turned out that the influencing factors were selected more randomly with a strong bias and lack of a set of standa-rdized and scientific index and selection criteria currently. Comprehensive performance evaluation was subject to numerous levels,dynamic variables and uncertain factors with considerable fluctuation. Especially,the social performance and ecology environmental performance were difficult to quantify. As a result,a unified and recognized performance evaluation index system and its corresponding practical evaluation model were in shortage. The selection of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation mode was limited by multi-risk factors. Additionally,classification and identification of these risk factors were re-latively complicated,and the quantitative relationships between the factor selecting risk and irrigation performance were difficult to determine. Furthermore,the development trend in investigation of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation modes was prospected.