中国传统译论中的“文化转向”

The “Culture Turn” of the Traditional Chinese Translation Theory

西方翻译研究的文化学派在20世纪90年代把全球的翻译研究引入了"文化转向",而中国传统译论早于西方一百多年进入"文化转向"。从明末清初开始,以徐光启为代表的士大夫们关注翻译的选材及迫切性,企图通过翻译达到"超胜"西方科技的目的。晚清洋务运动时期,洋务派企图通过翻译达到"富国强兵",以维护当时的封建统治。维新运动时期,维新派企图通过翻译对民众进行"思想启蒙",进而变革中国的封建制度。"五四"及民国时期,翻译被视为改革当时社会文化、推动社会变革的有力工具。

The cultural school of western translation studies is generally believed to have brought the global translation research into the"cultural turn" in the 1990 s.The "cultural turn" of Chinese traditional translation theory was over 100 years earlier than that of the western translation studies.Scholar-officials like Xu Guangqi in late Ming and early Qing,paid close attention to the urgency of translation and aimed to overtake the west in science and technology through translation.During the Westernization Movement in late Qing,Westernization Group aimed to achieve "rich country and strong army" through translation in order to maintain the feudal ruling system.The reformists attempted to reform China′s feudal system by "ideological enlightenment"to the people through translation during the Reform Movement.During May 4 th Movement and the Republic of China Period,translation was regarded as a powerful tool to reform the social culture and promote social changes at that time.