京津冀城市群大气环境效率的地区差异、动态演进与影响机制

Regional Differences,Dynamic Trends and Influencing Mechanism of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration’s Air Environmental Efficiency

基于SBM-Undesirable(SU)模型与Global-Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)生产率指数,分别从效率与生产率两个维度建立城市大气环境效率评价模型,并考察京津冀城市群大气环境效率的地区差异、动态演进特征与影响机制。结果表明:2006—2015年京津冀城市群的大气环境效率整体水平较低且地区差异特征显著,大气污染减排潜力巨大;大气环境全要素生产率的提升主要依靠技术进步来驱动,技术效率恶化成为全要素生产率增长的关键制约因素;京津冀大气环境效率的动态演化呈现出明显的“马太效应”特征,先进城市与落后城市之间的效率差距在进一步扩大;经济发展、产业结构优化、科技创新、外商直接投资、地区特征均对京津冀城市群大气环境效率与环境生产率的提升有显著促进作用,而政府环境管理能力则并未产生明显的影响作用。

Based on SBM-Undesirable (SU) model and global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity (GML) index,this paper proposes air environmental efficiency evaluation model from two dimensions of efficiency and productivity respectively,and empirically investigates the regional differences,dynamic evolution and influencing mechanism of the air environmental efficiency for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2006 to 2015. The empirical results show that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration’s overall air environmental efficiency is relatively low and the regional differences are significant,which indicates that there is large potential for air pollution reduction. It is concluded that technological progress is the main driver for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration’s air environmental productivity improvement while technical efficiency deterioration is the key restricting factor. There exists “the Matthew effect” feature in the dynamic evolution of the air environmental efficiency for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration,showing that the efficiency gap between advanced cities and backward cities is widening. Economic development,industrial structure optimization,technological innovation,foreign direct investment,regional feature all significantly promote the improvement of the air environmental efficiency and productivity of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration,but the influence of the level of government environmental management is not significant.