稻虾养殖生态模式对产地环境及农产品质量安全风险的影响

Effects of Ecological Mode of Rice-Shrimp Cultivation on Local Environment and Safety of Agricultural Products

通过资料收集及问卷调研,采集验证样品测试分析,对比了稻虾养殖区与常规种植区的环境及产品安全性指标的差异。结果表明:(1)稻虾养殖区表层土壤(0~25cm)中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量及pH值均有一定程度的提高,稻虾养殖方式改善了土壤结构,增加了土壤养分;两种模式下土壤中重金属含量变化不明显;土壤中抗生素及农药残留未检出。(2)稻虾共作模式灌溉水中全氮、全磷、硝态氮及铵态氮含量均高于常规种植模式;2种模式下灌溉水中重金属含量变化不明显,且均未超过规定的限值。(3)稻虾养殖区与常规种植区稻米中铅、镉、铬等8种重金属含量无显著差异,均未超过食品安全国家标准规定的限量值,污染风险较小;抽检的抗生素及农药残留均为未检出。(4)小龙虾(虾肉)中铅、镉、铬等8种重金属含量均未超过规定的限量值,且重金属单因子污染指数Pi均小于1;抽检的抗生素及农药残留均为未检出。

Data collection and questionnaire survey were used to collect and validate samples for testing and analysis, and the differences of environmental and product safety indices between rice-shrimp farming areas and conventional planting areas were compared. The results showed that:(1) The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and pH value in the surface soil (0-25 cm) of the rice-shrimp farming area increased to a certain extent. The rice-shrimp farming method improved soil structure and increased soil nutrients.The contents of heavy metals in soil did not change significantly under the two modes. Antibiotics and pesticide residues were not detected in the samples.(2) The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in irrigation water of rice-shrimp co-cultivation mode were higher than those of conventional cultivation mode.The content of heavy metals in irrigation water did not change significantly under the two modes, and did not exceed the prescribed limit.(3) There was no significant difference in the contents of lead, cadmium, chromium and other eight heavy metals in rice between rice-shrimp farming area and conventional planting area, which did not exceed the limits set by national food safety standards and had a low pollution risk. Antibiotics and pesticide residues in the samples were not detected.(4) The contents of lead, cadmium and chromium in crayfish (shrimp meat) did not exceed the prescribed limits, and the single factor pollution index Pi of heavy metals was less than 1. Antibiotics and pesticide residues in the samples were not detected.