六种常见中药材钾、硫、铬、锰、钒、锆元素含量的研究

Potassium, sulfur, chromium, manganese, vanadium and zircon content in six species of Chinese traditional medicines

采用自主搭建的X射线荧光分析及商用的电感耦合等离子发射光谱方法,对几种常见的植物类(胎菊、北板蓝根)、动物类(蝉蜕、地龙)和中成药类(郁金银翘片、葶贝胶囊)药材样品中典型元素硫、钾、铬、锰、钒、锆的含量进行了分析研究,该套X射线荧光分析(X-ray Fluorescence,XRF)系统对于Cr、Mn元素的检出限较好。分析结果发现在多数药材样品中有较高含量的钾元素,而过量高钾的摄入会对人体心脏和肾脏造成负担,因此根据标准给出每日摄入量小于100mg·d^-1的参考值。同样在多数样品中检测到较高含量的硫元素,推测可能是制药工艺中的化学添加物富集所致,需引起关注并值得进一步研究。所有样品中均检测出较低含量的钒、锆元素,说明该中药材样品中不存在显著的钒、锆元素污染。在某些动物类和中成药类药材样品中,检测到超标存在的铬、锰元素,在非必要时需要减少用量。根据铬元素生素矿物质可耐受最高每日摄入量小于0.5mg·d^-1的标准,给出了这几种药材样品的建议每日最大摄入量:植物类样品小于2.841g·d^-1、动物类样品小于0.958mg·d^-1、中成药类样品小于0.935mg·d^-1。

[Background] Although traditional Chinese medicine already has been deeply studied in recent years, the contents of elements such as potassium, sulfur, chromium, etc., in patented medicine are hardly been investigated, and test reports for toxicity of heavy metal are limited, etc.[Purpose] This study aims to establish related work for sulfur and other heavy metals in patent medicine and give quantitative analysis.[Methods] First of all, Several common plants, animals and Chinese patent drugs were takes as experimental samples. Then, experiments were carried out by self-made XRF (X-ray fluorescence) instrument with detection limit, except potassium under 90 mg·d^-1, under 20mg·d^-1 and commercial inductively coupled plasma emission spectromter with detection limit under 30 mg·d^-1. Finally, the contents of sulphur, potassium, chromium, manganese, vanadium and zirconium in these samples were analyzed and studied.[Results] Experimental results show that all the test samples contain highlevel of potassium and almost all samples, especially those in patent group, contain high sulfur content but very lowlevel vanadium and zircon contents. Among some animal samples and all patent samples, the detection of chromium and manganese in excess of standard indicates the need to reduce dosage when not necessary.[Conclusion] According to the provision of general standard of chromium under 0.5mg·d^-1 and manganese under 11 mg·d^-1, the tolerable daily intake is made as: phytogroup <2.841mg·d^-1, animalia <0.958mg·d^-1, patent group <0.935mg·d^-1.