EPS混凝土研究进展综述

Review on the Research Progress of EPS Concrete

随着我国社会经济快速发展,建筑能耗急剧增加,占全国能源消耗总量的20%,因此降低建筑能耗迫在眉睫。聚苯乙烯泡沫(Expanded polystyrene,EPS)混凝土是一种有机与无机复合的轻骨料混凝土,与普通混凝土相比,密度更小、质量更轻、保温性能和隔声性能更加优异,在显著降低建筑能耗的同时,还能减轻结构自重,是一种理想的墙体保温材料。同时EPS混凝土消耗大量可回收EPS颗粒,能够有效消除“白色污染”,解决环境污染问题。因此,EPS混凝土是一种节能利废、造价低廉的生态友好型绿色保温材料,为我国“绿色建筑”和建筑节能带来了新的契机。近些年来,国内外学者对EPS混凝土展开了系统研究,发表了大量有价值的文献,对学者和工程人员具有重要的指导意义。目前,关于EPS混凝土的研究进展主要包括如下五个方面:(1)EPS混凝土的配合设计,本文对水灰比、EPS颗粒的粒径与体积掺量、纤维、界面改性剂、矿物掺合料等组分的变化对EPS混凝土性能的影响进行总结归纳,得到其影响规律。(2)EPS混凝土的制备技术,由于EPS颗粒密度非常小,且为憎水性材料,存在明显的颗粒上浮现象,本文重点对EPS颗粒的处理技术进行了综述,介绍了克服EPS颗粒上浮现象的有效技术方法。(3)EPS混凝土的物理力学性能,总结了大量研究人员制备的EPS混凝土强度与密度的对应关系,展示了已获得的应力-应变本构模型。(4)EPS混凝土的隔音、防火和抗爆炸性能,目前对EPS混凝土隔音性能的研究非常有限;EPS混凝土具有良好的保温隔热性能,但随着容重的增大,混凝土导热系数增大,热工性能降低;EPS颗粒的存在能衰减爆炸引起的应力波,是理想的缓冲吸能材料。(5)工程应用,EPS混凝土目前被广泛应用于装配式墙材、道路屏障、地基回填、防撞墙和军事工程等众多领域,并发挥着重要作用。最后,对EPS混凝土的未来研究进行了展望,并提出了需要解决的问题,以期为制备稳定、均匀、性能优异的EPS混凝土提供参考,为EPS混凝土在实际工程中的应用提供更多的可能性。

With the rapid development of Chinese social economy, building energy consumption had increased dramatically, accounting for 20% of the total energy consumption. It is extremely urgent to reduce building energy consumption. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete is a kind of light aggregate concrete composed of organic and inorganic materials. Compared with ordinary concrete, it has smaller density, lighter weight, better thermal insulation performance and sound insulation performance. It could significantly reduce the building energy consumption , and reduce the weight of the structure. It is an ideal wall insulation material. At the same time, EPS concrete consume a large number of recoverable EPS particles, which can effectively eliminate “white pollution” and solve the problem of environmental pollution problems. Therefore, EPS concrete is a kind of eco-friendly green thermal insulation material with energy saving, waste benefit and low cost, which can bring a new opportunity for Chinese “green building” and building energy conservation. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars had carried out systematic research on EPS concrete, and a large number of valuable literature had been reported, which had important guiding significance for scientific researchers and engineers. Currently, the research progress of EPS concrete could be summarized as the following five aspects: i. mix ratio design of EPS concrete. The effects of water-cement ratio, particle size and content of EPS particles, fiber, interface modifier, mineral admixture and other components on the performance of EPS concrete were summarized, and the influence law was obtained. ii. The preparation technology of EPS concrete. Since the density of EPS particles is very small and it is a hydrophobic material that there is a significant phenomenon of floating particles. This paper specially summarized the EPS particle proces- sing technology and showed an effective technical method to overcome the floating phenomenon. iii. The physical and mechanical properties of EPS concrete. This paper summarized the correspondence relations between the strength and density of EPS concrete prepared by a large number of researchers, and showed the obtained stress-strain constitutive model. iv. The sound insulation, fire and explosion resistance of EPS concrete. At present, the research on the sound insulation performance of EPS concrete is very limited. EPS has good thermal insulation properties. But as the bulk density increases, the thermal conductivity increases and the thermal performance decreases. The presence of EPS particles could attenuate stress waves caused by explosions and was an ideal buffer energy absorbing material. v. Practical engineering application of EPS concrete. EPS concrete was widely used in many fields such as fabricated wall materials, road barriers, foundation backfilling, anti-collision walls and military engineering. And it had always played an important role. Finally, the future research of EPS concrete was prospected and the problems that need to be solved were put forward. It is expected to provide reference for the preparation of EPS concrete with stable and uniform performance, thus providing more possibilities for the application of EPS concrete in practical engineering.