我国排污许可证制度:运行现状、存在问题与改进——以浙江省S市K区为例

Operating Situation,Problems and Improvemnent of Chinese Sewer Discharge Permit——With K District in S City in Zhejiang Province as Example

排污许可证制度是我国环境治理的基本制度,在控制点源污染上的作用受到广泛重视。排污许可证是排污权的确认凭证和排污权交易的管理载体。以浙江省S市K区为例,研究发现排污许可证制度的"一证式"管理在污染物排放总量控制和排放浓度控制方面具有一定的积极意义,排污权抵押贷款试点不仅活跃了排污权交易市场,还增加了企业的融资渠道。但排污许可证制度运行中仍存在管理主体多元化、重审批轻监管、企业环保主体意识不强等问题。建议构建排污许可证电子化模式,以适应"一证式"管理的要求,提高污染治理的行政效率。

Discharge permit system is the basic system of environmental governance in China, and its role in controlling point source pollution has been widely valued. The emission permit is the confirmation certificate of the emission right and the management carrier of the emission right transaction. Taking K District of S City in Zhejiang Province as an example, the study finds that the "one-licence" management of pollutant discharge permit system has certain positive significance in total pollutant discharge control and emission concentration control. The pilot project of mortgage loan for pollutant discharge permit not only activates the market of pollutant emission permit trading, but also increases the financing channels of enterprises. However, there are still some problems in the operation of emission permit system, such as diversification of management subjects, emphasis on examination and approval rather than supervision, and weak awareness of environmental protection subjects in enterprises. It is suggested that the electronic model of pollutant discharge permit be constructed to meet the requirements of "one licence" management and improve the administrative efficiency of pollution control.