自由何以可能——马克思《博士论文》自由观探赜

How could Freedom Become Possible——On Marx’s View of Freedom in Doctoral Dissertation

在《博士论文》中,马克思借伊壁鸠鲁原子偏斜的观点,表达了自己对自由的诉求与渴望,解决了自由何以可能的问题。深入挖掘《博士论文》中的丰富内涵,可以发现自我意识是自由的表征,偶然性是自由的体现,定在是自由的规定,偏斜是自由的形式,只有通过宗教的批判,自我意识的心灵宁静,世界的哲学化与哲学的世界化方可实现自由。解决自由何以可能的问题是实现自由的基础,而实现从个人的精神自由向现实自由的转换则是实现自由的必经之路。

In his Doctoral Dissertation,Marx expressed his desire and desire for freedom through Epicurus atomic skew,and solved the problem of why freedom is possible.Deeply excavating the rich connotations in Doctoral Dissertation,we can find that self-consciousness is the expression of freedom,contingency is the expression of freedom,fixed in the stipulation of freedom,skew is the form of freedom.Freedom can be realized only through religious criticism,the tranquility of self-consciousness,the philosophizing of the world and the internationalization of philosophy.Solving the problem of how freedom is possible is the basis of realizing freedom,and realizing the transformation from individual spiritual freedom to realistic freedom is the only way to realize freedom.