论梁漱溟乡村建设的管理思想——以乡农学校为核心的考察

On the Management Thought of Liang Shuming’s Rural Construction——Investigation on the Rural Schools

作为20世纪最具特色与影响力的乡村建设,当属梁漱溟的乡村建设,是以乡农学校为灵魂与核心的,在理论与实践上兼而有之。“社会学校化”是乡农学校的主要特征,它超越了传统学校的功能,而成为集政教合一的乡村基层行政机构。被赋予了行政权力的乡农学校,实施了与传统学校不同的管理模式,提出了颇有创见的管理理念。乡农学校的管理思想,有着过度依靠行政权力与教育万能论的缺陷,但内中不乏对今天乡村振兴来说有着历史借鉴意义的地方。

Rural farming school,the soul and core of Liang Shuming's influential rural construction in the last century,combines theory with practice.“Social schooling” is the main feature of rural farming schools,which transcends the functions of traditional schools and becomes a rural grass- roots administrative institution with the unification of politics and religion.The rural farmers' school,endowed with administrative power,has implemented a different management models and put forward quite original management concepts,which has the defects of relying too much on administrative power and education omnipotence,but there exists historical significance for today's rural revitalization.