伊巴德派的形成与早期发展

The Emergence of the ■ School and Its Early Development

伊斯兰教教派冲突虽以逊尼派和什叶派为主体,但其历史上最早形成的教派却是哈瓦立及派。哈瓦立及派的形成,推动伊斯兰教教派化发展。教派冲突贯穿伊斯兰教一千多年的发展历史,迄今仍影响着中东国家政治发展和国家构建。回溯哈瓦立及派和伊巴德派形成的历史可以发现,教派主义持久而深刻的影响力的根源,在穆斯林之间的政治利益冲突之外,还在于穆斯林对麦地那乌玛典范的追求与国家建制的政治现实之间的冲突。伊巴德派在坚持理想追求的同时,以兼具包容性和灵活性的政治、宗教主张和制度化、组织化发展应对困境,成为哈瓦立及派唯一留存至今的分支。

Although the Islamic sectarian strife is dominated by Sunnis and Shiites, the earliest sect in Islam was the Kharijites. The emergence of the Kharijites led to the development of sectarianization in Islam. The sectarian strife lasted for more than a thousand years in Islam and still affects the political development and state-building of Middle Eastern countries. Looking back at the history of the emergence of the Kharijites and Ibādīs, we can find that the root of sectarianism’s long-lasting and profound influence can be traced back to the conflict between Muslims’ pursuit of the model of the first Muslim Ummah in Medina and the political reality of state-building in addition to the conflict of Muslims’ political interests. While pursuing ideals, the Ibā?īs resorted to Inclusive and flexible political and religious claims, institutionalization and organizational development to cope with the predicament and became the only branch of Kharijites that has survived till now.