基于THEIC/APP阻燃棉织物的制备及其阻燃特性

Preparation and flame retardant properties of flame retardant cotton fabric based on THEIC/APP

以三径乙基异氤脉酸酯(THEIC)和聚磷酸镀(APP)为膨胀型阻燃体系,采用浸渍-烘焙法制备了阻燃棉织物。通过极限氧指数测试、水平燃烧测试、垂直燃烧测试和热重分析,研究了阻燃棉织物的燃烧性能和热稳定性能,并用扫描电镜分析了燃烧后炭层的表面形貌。测试结果表明:当THEIC与APP质量比为1:3时,经处理的棉织物具有优异的阻燃性能,极限氧指数达25.1%,垂直燃烧的损毁长度仅为12.4cm,无续燃和阴燃,达到国标B1级标准。同时,处理后的棉织物由于阻燃剂的作用,初始分解温度提前,在750℃时残炭量高达30%,与纯棉织物相比提高了19.5%,明显改善了阻燃棉织物的热稳定性。另外,阻燃棉织物在燃烧时能形成膨胀的炭层,起到隔氧、隔热作用,有效地保护了棉织物基体。

In order to improve flame retardant properties with high efficiency and low toxicity on cotton fabrics, a kind of flame retardant cotton fabric is prepared by immersion-baking method using tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) and amm onium polyphosphate (APP) as in tumescent flame retarda nt systems. The combustion and thermal stability properties of the treated cotton fabrics are studied by limiting oxygen index test, horizontal combustion test, vertical combustion test and thermo gravimetric analysis. The surface morphology of char residuals is analyzed by seanning electron microscopy. The test results show that when the mass ratio of THEIC to APP is 1 :3, the treated cotton fabrics have excellent flame retardant properties. Its limiting oxygen index is up to 25.1%, and the damaged length in vertical combustion tests is only 12.4 cm without the continuous combustion and smoldering time, which can meet the National Bl standard. At the same time, due to the effect of flame retardant, the initial decompositi on temperature of the treated cotton fabrics is advanced, and the residual carb on conte nt reaches 30% at 750 ℃. Compared with pure cotton fabrics, the r esidual carbon con tent of the treated cotton fabrics is improved by 19.5%, which obviously improves the thermal stability of the flame retardant cotton fabrics. In additi on, flame retardant cotton fabrics can form expanded carb on layer when burning, which plays the role of oxygen and heat insulation and effectively protects the cotton fabrics matrix.