企业战略思维研究述评与展望

Enterprise Strategic Thinking: A Literature Review and Prospects

自20世纪90年代以来,企业战略思维逐渐受到学者关注,但目前研究仍处于起步阶段,研究内容呈现碎片化状态。通过对文献的详细回顾,本文厘清了企业战略思维的概念包含的"战略"和"思维"两个焦点;阐明了企业战略思维的主要理论基础是博弈理论、胜任力理论和高阶理论;介绍了企业战略思维的四种测量方法,即属性测量、认知逻辑测量、实验测量和著作文本测量;归纳了企业战略思维的前因变量,包括人口统计学变量、个体特征、组织文化、组织结构、组织智慧和领导风格;总结了企业战略思维对个体创业、领导者、智慧组织、产品创新、企业绩效的影响。最后将这些碎片化的知识整合为一个系统的知识框架,并从六个方面对未来研究进行了展望。

Due to the growing interest of scholars, enterprise strategic thinking attracts more attention and is considered as an important tool in management research. The aim of this article is to explore the status and prospects of strategic thinking in the enterprise management literature. This article is based on a systematic literature review. The existing literature shows that the research regarding strategic thinking is at the initial stage and the content is relatively scattered. The paper argues that: Firstly, strategic thinking differs from strategic planning in terms of attributes, occurrence levels, operational orientation, and occurrence carriers. Strategic thinking determines strategic orientation which results from strategic thinking. It is the unity of rational thinking and intuitive thinking. Secondly, the game theory, competency modeling and the upper echelons theory are the theoretical basis of strategic thinking. Thirdly, the study of the attribute of strategic thinking transforms from a single rational or generative perspective for balancing the rationality on the practice of strategic thinking and comes from a theoretical discussion to empirical research. Four measurement methods of enterprise strategic thinking are introduced, which are attribute measurement, cognitive logic measurement, experimental measurement, and written text measurement. This paper also explores a few antecedent variables of enterprise strategic thinking such as demographic and individual characteristics, organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational intelligence and leadership style. This paper provides an approach which integrates the scattered knowledge into a systematic knowledge framework of enterprise strategic thinking. It is conducted along two main lines of intersection: First, concept definition is the most basic part, which affects the content of strategic thinking attributes for developing a strategic thinking scale. Second, the cognitive theory in the theoretical foundation provides a basis for the confirmation of the attributes of strategic thinking which helps to build a strategic thinking scale. Through a critical review of the relevant literature on strategic thinking, we find that although some progress is achieved in this field, there still exist many prospects of future directions in enterprise strategic thinking.