不同货架空间分配顺序下农产品供应链优化问题研究

Research on Optimization Problem of Agricultural Products Supply Chain with Different Shelf Space Allocation Orders

货架是超市和生鲜便利店的重要资源,不仅具有储存和展示农产品的功能,同时货架空间大小对农产品的销量具有重要影响。针对产品需求受货架空间与零售价格共同影响的两级农产品供应链,在考虑供应商主导和零售商主导的情况下,分别对零售商在销售季节来临前和来临后分配货架空间四种分散式农产品供应链的最优决策与利润进行了分析,并与一体化供应链的最优决策进行了比较。研究发现,不论是在供应商主导还是在零售商主导的农产品供应链中,零售商在销售季节来临前分配货架空间,相比在销售季节来临后分配货架空间,农产品的批发价格与零售价格更高,分配的货架空间更小,供应商和零售商均获得更少的利润,相应的农产品供应链整体利润更少。因此,零售商在销售季节来临后分配货架空间对农产品供应链更有利。相比一体化供应链,分散式供应链的零售价格更高,分配的货架空间更小,供应链整体利润小于一体化供应链的最优利润,本文给出了基于利润共享与成本共担的合同对分散式供应链进行协调。最后,通过数值算例研究了参数变化对最优决策和供应链利润的影响。

Shelf space is a scarce resource of the supermarkets and fresh convenience stores.It not only has the function of stocking and demonstrating items but also has a substantial impact on the sales level of that item.For the agricultural products,it’s estimated that the elasticity of shelf space is 0.57,which means that as the shelf space allocated to the agricultural products is doubled,the sales quantity will increase57%.Hence,how to allocate the limited shelf space scientifically is an meaningful problem.A two-echelon agricultural products supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer is investigated in which the demand facing the retailer is both price and shelf-space sensitive.As the production of the agricultural products has a long lead time,the retailer can choose to allocate shelf space to the agricultural products before or after the selling season comes.Considering the different shelf space allocation orders,the centralized and decentralized agricultural products supply chain models are built to investigate optimal decisions of shelf space allocation,wholesale price and retail price under different channel power structures,namely supplier Stackelberg and retailer Stackelberg.By comparing the optimal decisions in the centralized and decentralized agricultural products supply chain,it’s found that in the centralized agricultural products supply chain,the retailer charges a lower retail price and allocates more shelf space.For the decentralized agricultural products supply chain,shelf space allocation order has an important effect on the optimal decisions and profits.It’s found that no matter in the supplier Stackelberg agricultural products supply chain or the retailer Stackelberg agricultural products supply chain,when the retailer allocates the shelf space before the selling seasons comes,the wholesale price and retail price are higher and the shelf space allocated is less compared to that when the retailer allocates the shelf space after the selling seasons comes.The profits of the supplier,the retailer and the total supply chain are also less when the shelf space is allocated in advance.Therefore,it’s more beneficial for the agricultural products supply chain if the shelf space is allocated after the selling seasons comes.Since the profits of the decentralized supply chains are less than that in the centralized agricultural products supply chain,the revenue and expense sharing contract is designed to coordinate the decentralized agricultural products supply chain.The reasonable range of the parameter is given to ensure that the supplier and retailer both has incentive to accept the contract.Finally,Some numerical experiments are conducted to study the effects of parameter variation on the optimal decisions and profits of the agricultural products supply chain.