湖北省某三级甲等精神专科医院2014年-2018年住院患者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Psychiatric Inpatients in a Three A and Tertiary Hospital in Hubei Province from 2014 to 2018

目的分析湖北省某三级甲等精神专科医院住院精神病患者的流行病学特征,为精神类疾病防治提供数据支持。方法收集某精神专科医院2014年-2018年29 571例住院患者的临床资料,回顾性分析患者基本情况、总体病种分布、不同年份和性别的病种分布,采用Excel 2007和SPSS 17.0进行数据统计分析。结果男性15 377例,女性14 194例,男女之比为1.1:1;已婚为主(47.30%),未婚占36.77%;年龄最大者96岁,最小仅为1岁,中位数为32.0(25.0,45.0)岁;患者主要来源是湖北省;职业以无业人员为主,占70.12%;主要收治病种以精神分裂症患者最多,占46.73%;不同性别在病种分布上有差异,男性的药物和酒精相关的精神性疾病发病高于女性,女性的分离性障碍和器质性精神障碍高于男性;精神分裂症患者收治从2014年开始呈逐年下降趋势,至2018年收治占比降至40.72%,差异具有统计学意义;双相情感障碍患者收治呈逐年上升趋势,各年差异具有统计学意义。结论某精神专科医院主要发病患者为中青年,以男性居多,以精神分裂症患者为主,政府及相关单位在制订精神卫生相关政策时应重点考虑。

Objectives To study and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of psychiatric inpatients in a Three A and Tertiary Hospital in Hubei Province, and provide data support for the prevention and treatment of mental diseases. Methods The clinical data of 29571 psychiatric inpatients from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. Excel 2007 and SPSS 17.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 29,571 inpatients with mental illness were investigated, 15377(52.00%) males and 14194 females(48.00%), the ratio of male to female was 1.1:1. 47.30% and 36.77% were married and unmarried respectively. The oldest was 96 years old, the youngest was only 1 year old, the median was 32.0(25.0, 45.0) years old. The patients was came from Hubei Province mainly. The occupation was mainly unemployed, accounting for 70.12%. The main treatment of patients with schizophrenia was the most, accounting for 46.73%. There were differences distribution in sex. Drug and alcohol-related mental illnesses among men were higher than women, and separation disorders and organic mental disorders among women were higher than men. Schizophrenia has been decreasing year by year since 2014,in 2018,the proportion of admission decreased to 40.72%, the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=165.24,P<0.001).Patients with two-way affective disorder showed an increasing trend from 2014 to 2018, and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=90.82, P<0.001). Conclusions The main patients were young and middle-aged, mostly male, with the majority of schizophrenia patients. The government and relevant units should consider key policies when formulating mental health related policies.