政策扶持提高了农产品流通绩效吗?——基于1298家购销商数据的随机前沿分析

Has Policy Support Improved the Performance of Agricultural Distribution?——Based on a Stochastic Frontier Analysis of 1298 Wholesalers

乡村振兴亟待解决农产品供需结构性失衡的重要问题,农产品批发市场及其购销商是连接农户和市场的纽带,是实现乡村振兴战略的重要载体和着力点。尽管中央和地方出台了一系列政策扶持农产品批发市场及其购销商,但是否发挥了其效果有待检验。本文根据全国13省18家批发市场中1298家购销商的问卷调查数据、采用随机前沿方法验证不同扶持政策对农产品购销商绩效的影响。实证结果表明,第一,在财政金融政策中,税收优惠政策能够显著地提高绩效,贴息贷款能够促进有借款需求的购销商提高绩效;第二,增加流通行业基础设施建设投入可以改进技术效率,但影响并不显著;第三,开拓市场和组织培训仅对大中型规模的购销商起到提高绩效的作用。因此,对农产品购销商的政策扶持应当有的放矢,以发挥政策效力,推进乡村振兴战略目标的实现。

It is urgent for rural revitalization strategy to solve the important issue of structural imbalance between supply and demand of agricultural products, and agricultural wholesale markets and wholesalers are the links between farmers and the market, and are the important carriers and focal points to realize the strategy of rural revitalization. Although the central and local governments have issued series of policies to support agricultural markets and wholesalers, the outcomes remain to be tested. Based on a survey data of 1298 wholesalers from 18 wholesale markets in 13 provinces of China, this paper uses the stochastic frontier approach to estimate the impact of different policy support on performance of wholesalers. The empirical results show that, first, among the financial and monetary policies, tax incentives could significantly improve performance, and loan subsidies could improve performance among those who need loans;second, infrastructure investment in distribution industry could improve technical efficiency, while the impact is not significant;third, marketing and training policy could only improve performance of large and medium-sized wholesalers. Therefore, the policy support for agricultural wholesalers should be targeted to elaborate policy effectiveness and promote the realization of the strategic objectives of rural revitalization.