县域银行网点布局的空间效应——理解农村金融资源不平衡的一个视角

Spatial Effects of County Rural Banking Outlets’ Distribution——A View forImbalance of Financial Resources

本文选取江苏省1995-2015年42个县(市)为样本,采用空间计量法分析了县域银行网点空间布局的演变特征和空间效应,基于银行网点的设置行为揭示了金融资源不平衡的原因。结果显示:(1)受行政分割、金融机构管理体制等因素制约,县域银行网点数的局部空间自相关性不强;但是随着金融市场分割程度减弱,银行网点数的全局空间自相关性逐渐增强。(2)本地法人机构农信社的网点布局存在空间虹吸效应,并能对其他银行入驻县域市场产生理性羊群效应;非本地法人银行的县域网点布局则存在空间溢出效应。(3)股份制银行和城商行设立网点时尚未关注金融公平,国有独资性质的邮储银行在关注金融公平时却难以兼顾金融效率。

This article selects 42 countiesin Jiangsu Province from 1995 to 2015 as sample to describe the characteristics of space evolution of rural banking outlets and its influencing factors by spatial measurement method, and reveals the reasons for the imbalance of financial resources from the perspective of banking outlets' distribution. The resultsshow:(1) The autocorrelation of the number of county banking outlets is not strongbecause of the restriction of administrative segmentation and financial institution management system;however, with the degree of market segmentation weakened, the autocorrelation in the whole will be strong gradually.(2) The spatial siphon effect exits in therural credit cooperativeswhich are local legal institutions, and it finally forms the rational herd effect among other banks;and the spatial spillage effect exitsamong the non -local banks in counties.(3) Joint-equity commercial banks and city commercial banks do not pay attention to financial equity when they set up outlets. However, postal savings bank which is wholly owned by the state, has difficulty in balancing financial efficiency when they pay attention to financial equity.