2015年中国15个省份成年居民膳食钠的摄入状况

Dietary sodium intake of adult residents in 15 provinces of China in 2015

目的分析2015年中国15省份成年居民膳食钠的摄入状况。方法数据来源于中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究,该项目采用连续3 d 24h回顾法记录食物摄入量及称重法记录的家庭调味品消费量。本研究选取15个省份2015年数据完整的14 847名18岁及以上居民,进行钠摄入量分析,比较不同特征居民膳食钠的摄入量(M)差异。结果14 847名研究对象中男性占47.1%,农村及北方居民分别占60.1%和37.7%。2015年中国成年居民膳食钠摄入量为3 960.0 mg/d;男性的钠摄入量(4 272.1 mg/d)高于女性(3 716.6 mg/d),45~59岁居民(4 257.0 mg/d)高于其他年龄组(18~44岁居民为3 867.1 mg/d,60岁及以上居民为3 799.0 mg/d),农村居民(4 042.9 mg/d)高于城市(3 866.8 mg/d),北方居民(4 229.2 mg/d)高于南方(3 806.8 mg/d),P值均<0.05。膳食钠摄入量低于2 000 mg/d的占11.8%。2015年,中国成年居民膳食钠主要来源于调味品(79.4%),其后依次为烹调食物(11.9%)和加工食品(8.7%)。调味品中,食盐提供的钠占63.6%,其次为酱油,占10.4%。结论2015年中国成年居民膳食钠摄入较高,且存在性别、地区差别;调味品是膳食钠的主要来源。

Objective To analyze the status of dietary sodium intake of Chinese adult residents in fifteen provinces in 2015.Methods Data were collected from 2015 China Nutrition Transition Cohort Study.This cohort study used a three consecutive 24-h retrospective method to record food intake and weighing method to record household condiment consumption.In this study,14 847 residents aged 18 years and over with complete data from 15 provinces in 2015 were selected for the comparison of dietary sodium intake (median) with different characteristics.Results Among the 14 847 residents,47.1% were males,and the rural and northern residents accounted for 60.1% and 37.7%,respectively.Median sodium intake was 3 960.0 mg/d among residents in 2015.The sodium intake of males (4 272.1 mg/d) was higher than that of females (3 716.6 mg/d).Across age subgroups,sodium intake was highest among residents aged 45-59 years (4 257.0 mg/d;18-44 years old,3 867.1 mg/d;≥60 years old,3 799.0 mg/d).Sodium intake was higher in rural area (4 042.9 mg/d) than in urban area (3 866.8 mg/d),higher in north (4 229.2 mg/d) than in south (3 806.8 mg/d)(all P values <0.05).11.8% of residents with dietary sodium intake were below 2 000 mg/d.The main sources of dietary sodium were condiments (79.4%),regular cooking foods (11.9%) and processed foods (8.7%).Among the condiments,the salt and soy sauce accounted for 63.6% and 10.4%,respectively.Conclusion In 2015,Chinese adult residents had higher dietary sodium intake with gender and regional differences.Condiments were the main source of dietary sodium.