联合应用前列腺周围神经阻滞麻醉和氟比洛芬酯的多模式镇痛在前列腺穿刺活检中的应用效果

Effect of multimodal analgesia using periprostatic nerve block anesthesia combined with flurbiprofen in transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy

目的探讨联合应用前列腺周围神经阻滞麻醉(PNB)和氟比洛芬酯进行多模式镇痛在直肠超声引导下的经会阴前列腺穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法前瞻性纳入2017年10月至2018年6月于扬州大学附属苏北人民医院泌尿外科接受经会阴前列腺穿刺活检的166例患者[年龄(68.2±9.1)岁,范围:47~81岁],采用随机数字法分为两组。观察组79例患者术前30min予以氟比洛芬酯1mg/kg静脉滴注,术中使用利多卡因进行PNB;对照组97例患者静脉滴注等量生理盐水联合使用PNB。由同一名医师应用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和视觉数字评分(VNS)对患者穿刺时(VAS-1和VNS-1)和穿刺后30min(VAS-2和VNS-2)的疼痛程度和满意度进行评分。进行疼痛评分的医师与患者均未被告知所使用的麻醉方法。组间比较采用t检验、χ^2检验、Fisher确切概率法和重复测量方差分析。结果两组患者年龄、前列腺体积、前列腺特异抗原水平及穿刺针数无差异。穿刺时,对照组和观察组两组患者VAS-1分别为2.8±1.7、1.9±1.2,VNS-1分别为3.1±0.7、3.4±0.3。观察组VAS-1低于对照组(F=3.904,P=0.000),VNS-1高于对照组(F=3.526,P=0.000)。穿刺30min后对照组和观察组两组患者VAS-2分别为0.7±0.4和0.6±0.5,VNS-2分别为3.7±0.2、3.8±0.1。两组的VAS-2和VNS-2差异均无统计学意义(F=1.429、2.825,P=0.136、0.083)。对照组总体并发症发生率为26.4%(23/87),观察组总体并发症发生率为25.3%(20/79),两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.027,P=0.869)。两组血尿、尿潴留、感染、血精、血管神经反应、恶心、呕吐、头晕、头痛及呼吸抑制等并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论联合应用PNB及氟比洛芬酯进行多模式镇痛可缓解经会阴前列腺穿刺活检的疼痛,安全性较好。

Objective To evaluate the effect of multimodal analgesia using periprostatic nerve block anesthesia (PNB) combined with flurbiprofen in patients undergoing transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy (TTPB). Methods Totally 166 patients (aged (68.2±9.1) years, range: 47 to 81 years) who received TTPB from October 2017 to June 2018 at Department of Urology, Northern Jiangsu People′s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University were enrolled prospectively. All the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The observation group (n=79) was given flurbiprofen axetil 1 mg/kg intravenously for half an hour before operation and lidocaine was used for PNB before the biopsy. The control group (n=87) was given normal saline combined with PNB. A visual analog scale (VAS) and visual numeric scale (VNS) were used to assess the patients′ pain and quantify their satisfaction at two time points: VAS-1 and VNS-1: during biopsy procedure, VAS-2 and VNS-2: 30 min after the procedure. The date were compared by t test,χ^2 test, Fisher exact test and two-way repeated measures anova analysis between the 2 groups. Results The age, total prostate volume, serum prostate-specific antigen and the number of cores were comparable among the 2 groups (P>0.05). The VAS-1 scores of the control group and the observation group were 2.8±1.7, 1.9±1.2, respectively, and the VNS-1 were 3.1±0.7, 3.4±0.3, respectively. The VAS-1 were significantly lower in observation group than in control group (F=3.904, P=0.000). Conversely, the VNS-1 were higher in observation group (F=3.526, P=0.000). At 30-minute postoperative, the VAS-2 and VNS-2 were 0.7±0.4 and 3.7±0.2 in the control group, respectively. The VAS-2 and VNS-2 were 0.6±0.5 and 3.8±0.1 in the observation group, respectively. There were no significant differences in the pain scores or the satisfaction scores between the 2 groups (F=1.429, 2.825;P=0.136, 0.083). The incidence of overall complications was 26.4%(23/87) in the control group and 25.3%(20/79) in the observation group, with no statistical difference between the 2 groups (χ2=0.027, P=0.869). And the complications had no statistically significant difference among the 2 groups including hematuria, urinary retention, infection, hematospermia, vascular and neurological reactions, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and respiratory depression (P>0.05). Conclusion The multimodal analgesia induced by PNB and flurbiprofen could effectively relieve the pain for patients who received TTPB.