检察公益诉讼的调查核实权研究——基于目的主义视角

Research on the Right of Investigation and Verification in Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation: From the Perspective of Purposivism

检察机关公益诉讼中享有的调查核实权必须与举证责任、证明标准相结合进行动态联系分析,三者之间具有目的主义关系:调查核实权服务于举证责任、证明标准。理论与实践普遍认为检察公益诉讼调查核实权措施不够、强制性不足等问题,其真正发生机理是不断拔高的举证责任与证明标准所致。这也导致了实践中调查核实权软性实施与借用刑事侦查权倾向。制度供给改革应围绕目的关系进行目的理性建构:调查核实权的内容、方式与举证责任、证明标准呈正相关关系。举证责任越重、证明标准越高,则调查核实权应越充分、越需具有强制性。相反,调查核实权则越简洁、越不需具有强制性。目的主义建构观能更好地为检察机关开展公益诉讼提供体系论证基础。

The power of investigation and verification enjoyed by procuratorial organs in public interest litigation must be dynamically linked with the burden of proof and the standard of proof. There is a purposivist relationship among them: the power of investigation and verification serves the burden of proof and the standard of proof. It is generally believed in theory and practice that the lack of measures and mandatory measures to verify the power of investigation in public interest litigation of procuratorial organs is the result of the rising burden of proof and the standard of proof, which also leads to the tendency of soft implementation and borrowing of criminal investigation power in practice. The reform of the system supply should be based on the purposivist relationship. The content and mode of the right of investigation and verification are positively correlated with the burden of proof and the standard of proof. The heavier the burden of proof and the higher the standard of proof, the more sufficient and compulsory the right of investigation and verification should be. On the contrary, the simpler the right of investigation verification is, the less mandatory it is. The constructivism of purposivism can better provide a systematic basis for the procuratorial organs to carry out public interest litigation.