中国刑事拘留制度的发展轨迹与完善路径(1954-2018)

The Development Track And Completion Approach of China's Criminal Detention System (1954-2018)

新中国的刑事拘留制度自1954年设立到2018年修法已走过了六十余年的历程。在监察体制改革深入推进、《刑事诉讼法》修改实施的大背景下,有必要对我国刑事拘留制度当前所处的历史坐标以及今后的发展方向有更加宏观的把握和理性的认识。我国刑事拘留制度的发展历程也是犯罪控制理念影响下拘留权限的扩张进程。立法层面拘留权限的急剧扩张以及相伴而生的司法实践的恣意也带来了刑事拘留理论与实践层面的种种问题,这些问题的集中表现就是拘留制度滥用对人身自由权的侵犯,而前述问题的解决有赖于拘留制度的正当程序转型。

The criminal detention system in New China has been in existence for more than 60 years since its establishment in 1954 and until its formal ratification in 2018. Under the background of furthering the reform of the national supervision system and the amendment of the rules for implementation of "the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China", it is necessary to have a more macro understanding of the current historical coordinates and future development trends of China’s criminal detention system. The development process of China’s criminal detention system is also the expansion process of detention authority under the influence of crime control concept. The rapid expansion of the detention authority at the legislative level and the arbitrariness of the accompanying judicial practice have also brought about various problems in the theoretical and practical aspects of criminal detention. The concentrated expression of the mentioned problems is that the abusive use of the detention system has violated the citizen’s personal freedom, and the settlement of the aforementioned problems depends on the due process transformation of the detention system.