近地表臭氧浓度升高对不同东北品种大豆产量形成及品质的影响

Effects of Elevated Surface O_3 on Soybean Yield Formation and Seed Quality in Different Northeast Cultivars

为明确大气臭氧浓度升高对不同东北大豆品种产量形成和品质的影响,本研究以环境大气臭氧浓度为对照,利用开顶式气室模拟大气臭氧浓度升高40 nL·L^(-1),选取3个推广面积较大的大豆品种绥农4号、绥农8号和东生1号,研究在高臭氧浓度下不同大豆品种产量形成和品质的差异。结果表明:臭氧浓度升高对大豆产量形成具有明显的负作用,3个大豆品种的产量平均降低33%。不同大豆品种产量对臭氧浓度升高的响应存在明显差异,产量降低幅度:绥农4号(-41%)>东生1号(-36%)>绥农8号(-23%)。利用逐步回归法分析发现大气臭氧浓度升高条件下大豆籽粒大小(x_1)和单株总荚数(x_2)变化可以用于估计大豆产量变化,两者与大豆产量的回归方程:y=-3.639+0.098x_1-0.285x_2。此外,大气臭氧浓度升高对大豆品质产生明显影响,3个大豆品种籽粒中蛋白质浓度均显著提高2.8%～4.6%(P<0.05),而脂肪含量则显著降低4.2%～7.8%(P<0.05)。

The soybean yield formation and seed quality in response to the elevated atmospheric O3(eO3) were analyzed in open top chamber(OTC) simulation systems using 3 soybean cultivars as Suinong 4, Suinong 8 and Dongsheng 1.The results showed that soybean yield decreased by 33% across 3 soybean cultivars when the concentrations of atmospheric O3 increased 40 nL·L^-1. The yield response to eO3 varied in the 3 soybean cultivars. The minimum decrease of 23% was found in Suinong 4, while the maximum of 41% was found in Suinong 8. Compared with the control, the yield components of soybean were also changed under eO3. The stepwise regression analysis showed that the seed size(x1) and seed number per plant(x2) could be used for estimating soybean yield change under eO3 by a model of y=-3.639+0.098x1-0.285x2(P<0.05). In addition, eO3 had pronounced influence on soybean seed quality, which caused significant increase in soybean seed protein concentration(2.8% to 4.6%,P<0.05) but significantly decrease in seed oil concentration(-4.2% to-7.8%,P<0.05) in the three tested cultivars.