高速钢碳化物偏析的研究现状

Research status of carbide segregation in high-speed steel

高速钢因其硬度高、红硬性好、耐磨性好等特点被广泛应用于大型装备制造的加工工具。然而在大截面的高速钢生产过程中,易产生碳化物偏析等问题,影响材料的力学性能和使用寿命。通过对模铸、连铸、电渣重熔、粉末冶金方法的比较与分析,探究影响碳化物偏析的因素,研究改善碳化物偏析的方法。研究表明,通过添加孕育剂、微合金元素、机械搅拌、电磁搅拌可以改善碳化物偏析;此外,通过对比分析发现,使用电渣重熔法生产高速钢可以经济有效地控制碳化物偏析,电渣重熔法已成为生产高速钢的主要方法。

High-speed steel is widely used in machining tools for large-scale equipment manufacturing because of its high hardness, good red hardness and good wear resistance. However, it is easy to cause problems such as segregation of carbides in the large cross section during high-speed steel production process, affecting the mechanical prop-"erties and service life of the material. Through the comparison and analysis of the methods of mould casting, continuous casting, electroslag remelting and powder metallurgy, explores the factors affecting the segregation of carbides and the methods of improving the segregation of carbides are explored. The results show that the carbide segregation can be improved by adding inoculants, microalloying elements, mechanical agitation, and electromagnetic stirring. In addition, through comparative analysis, it is found that the use of electroslag remelting to produce high-speed steel can cost-effectively control the carbide segregation, and electroslag remelting has become the main method for producing high-speed steel.