壳聚糖交联接枝改性研究进展

Research Progress on the Modification of Chitosan by Cross-linking and Grafting

壳聚糖是一种新型低成本、环保的天然高分子材料,具有无毒性、生物相容性和生物降解性,因此在水处理领域具有较好的应用前景。但壳聚糖也具有酸溶性、机械强度低、官能团数量有限、水处理效果不佳等缺点,故壳聚糖一般需要进行改性处理。本文介绍了壳聚糖化学改性方法中交联和接枝的最新研究进展。交联能够改善壳聚糖的酸溶性缺点,常用的交联剂包括戊二醛、环氧氯丙烷、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、三聚磷酸盐等;针对壳聚糖水处理效果差的缺点采用接枝法。接枝的官能团包括氨基、羧基、烷基等,但小分子单体的官能团数量有限,可采用聚合物接枝来大幅度提高水处理的效果。聚合物接枝是一种较新,成本低,能够大量引入官能团的改性方法,具有广阔的研究前景。

Chitosan is a kind of new low cost and environmental friendly natural polymer material, which has no toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, so it has better application prospect in water treatment field. However, the chitosan has the disadvantages of acid solubility, low mechanical strength, limited number of functional groups, poor water treatment effect, etc., chitosan generally needs to be modified. In this paper, the latest research progress of cross-linking and grafting in chitosan chemical modification is introduced. Crosslinking can improve the acid solubility of chitosan, the commonly used crosslinked agents include glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripolyphosphate, etc. The graft methods can be used for the poor treatment of chitosan. The functional groups of grafting include amino group, carboxyl group, alkyl group, etc., but the number of functional groups of grafted small monomers is limited, polymer grafting can be used to improve the performance of water treatment. Polymer grafting is a relatively new, low cost, modification method that can introduce a large number of functional groups and has a broad research perspective.