4Guillemin F,Bumbardier C,Beaton D. Crosultural adaptation of heahh-re- lated quality of' lifemeasures:literature review and proposed guidelines [J ].Clin Epidemiol, 1993,46(12) : 1417-1432.
5International Council of Nurses(ICN). Translation guidelines lor iolerna- tional classification for nursing practice(ICNP)[M]. Geneva: lmprimerie ' Fornara,2008 : 1-16.
6Huang TY,Moser DK,Hsieh YS,et al. Validation of Chinese version oftilethe Modified pulanhtars Fumctionstl Status and Dyspnea Questionnstinwith heart Litere patietas in Taiwan J .Vn tane ,2008.17.5:436-442.
7Flaherly JA,Gavilia M,Pathak D,et al. Developing instruments for cross- cultural psychiatric research [ J]. J Nerv Ment Dis, 1988,176(20):257- 263.
8HerdmanMJ,Badia X. Amodel of equivalence in the cultural adaptation of HRQoL instruments:the univei,'salist approach[J]. Qual Life Res,1998, (4) :323-335.
9Wang Wl,,Lee HL,Fetzer SJ. Challenges and straleges of instrument translation. Western Joumal[J].Nurs Res,2006,28(3):310-321.
10Eun-Seok C,Kevin HK,Judith AE. Translation of scales in cross- cultural research:issues and teclmiques[J]. J Adv Nu~,2007,58(4): 386-395.
