公海渔业非船旗国登临和检查制度研究

A Study on Non-flag State Boarding and Inspection in High Seas Fisheries

公海渔业非船旗国登临和检查制度是国际海洋法的一项重要发展,是区域渔业管理组织遵守与执行的重要手段。此项制度产生于公海渔业资源衰退、船旗国管辖效果受到质疑的大背景下,是公海渔业治理中船旗国专属管辖权的补充。公海渔业非船旗国登检的主要国际法依据是1995年《鱼类种群协定》和区域渔业组织公约及规定,其实施需要明确的条约授权,仍是一项条约权利而非国际习惯法规则。

The regime of non-flag State boarding and inspection in high seas fisheries is an important development of the international law of the sea and a major means of compliance and enforcement by RFMOs. This regime was established in the background of fishery resources decline in the high seas and widely questionable effect of the flag-state jurisdiction,which has functioned as the supplement to the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag state in the governance of high seas fisheries. The main legal basis for non-flag state boarding and inspection in high seas fisheries is the 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement and regional fisheries conventions and regulations,whose implementation requires explicit treaty authorizations and remains a treaty right rather than a rule of international customary law.