基于生物传感器检测动物源性食品中氨基糖苷类药物残留研究进展

Development of biosensors to detect aminoglycoside residues in animal-derived foods

氨基糖苷类药物是一类广谱高效的抗菌药,广泛应用于养殖业。然而,氨基糖苷类药物有耳毒、肾毒等毒副作用,在畜牧生产过程中过度使用或滥用将导致药物残留于动物源性食品中,对人体健康构成潜在威胁。因此,亟需建立一种简单、快速、灵敏和准确的检测方法。该文归纳了生物分子识别元件中抗体、核酸适配体、分子印迹聚合物的优缺点,简单介绍了常用纳米材料与微流体技术,重点阐明了基于不同传感原理的生物传感器在检测动物性食品中氨基糖苷类药物残留的应用进展,包括标记型电化学传感器、非标记型电化学传感器、荧光适体传感器、液晶适体传感器、压电晶体免疫传感器、悬臂式适体传感器,以期为建立更理想的兽药残留检测方法提供参考。

Aminoglycosides are one of antibacterial drugs with a broad spectrum and highly effective. They have been widely used in aquaculture. However, aminoglycosides are ototoxic and nephrotoxic, their excessive use or abuse in livestock production will result in drug residues in animal-derived foods, which possesses a potential threat to human health. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a simple, fast, sensitive and accurate method to detect aminoglycosides. This review discussed the advantages and disadvantages of antibodies, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers as biomolecular recognition components. It also introduced commonly used nanomaterials and microfluidics, highlighted the applications of biosensors based on different sensing principles in detecting aminoglycoside residues, including labeled electrochemical sensors, non-labeled electrochemical sensors, fluorescent aptamer sensors, liquid crystal aptamer sensors, piezoelectric crystal immunosensors, and cantilever aptamer sensors. This review aimed to provide reference for establishing a more ideal method to detect veterinary drug residues.