硝酸介质中铀矿冶设备表面放射性污染的规律

Radioactive Contamination Behaviors on Surface of Uranium Mining Industry in Nitric Acid Medium

为了掌握铀矿冶生产实践中常用设备材质经放射性污染后表面活度的变化规律,研究了不锈钢、有机玻璃、橡胶3种材质经不同浓度的硝酸铀酰溶液连续浸泡26d后,样品表面活度、表面形貌及铀的存在形式等变化特征。结果表明:在26d内,当铀溶液质量浓度为10.22mg/L时,3种材质表面活度随浸泡时间增加变化不显著,当溶液铀质量浓度分别为563.58mg/L、25.54g/L时,各材质表面活度值均随浸泡时间增加逐渐增大。此外,3种材质表面活度从大到小依次是橡胶>不锈钢>有机玻璃。样品表面活度的增加主要是由于样品被腐蚀,导致铀在样品表面的附着沉积引起,并且表面的铀主要以UO2(NO3)2·6H2O及少量UO3的形式存在。

In order to master the rule of surface activity of radioactively contaminated materials commonly used in uranium mining and metallurgy, the characteristics of surface activity, surface morphology and the form of uranium were studied with stainless steel, plexiglass and rubber soaked in different uranium nitrate milling concentrations solution for 26 days. The results show that the surface activities of three kinds of materials do not change significantly over time as the mass concentration of uranium solution is 10.22 mg/L;the surface activity value of each material increases gradually over time, as the uranium mass concentrations are 563.58 mg/L and 25.54 g/L, within 26 days. In addition, the contamination degree of three kinds of materials from large to small in the order is rubber, stainless steel and plexiglass. The increase of activity on the surface of the sample is mainly due to the corrosion of samples, which leads to the deposition of uranium on the surface of the sample. The forms of uranium on the sample surface are mainly UO2(NO3)2 ·6H2O and a small amount of UO3.