本土半导体企业打破“后进者困境”的路径和机制——以华为海思为例

本文构造了高技术工业中打破“后进者困境”的理论框架,利用单案例纵向研究方法,对华为海思移动处理器芯片突破国际垄断的历史过程和因果机制进行深度分析。研究发现,海思采取了独特的纵向一体化战略和内部行政协调模式,依靠内部需求市场来支持落后的麒麟芯片建立和迭代产品开发平台,同时以通信工业中积累形成的体系竞争力为其发展出差异化竞争优势提供条件。研究认为,阻碍中国半导体工业发展的最大问题,不是技术落后或资金不足,而是如何在技术暂时落后时获得稳定的应用市场和改进机会。因此,中国政府和企业要敢于利用本土市场的购买力优势为暂时落后的本土技术和产品创造充分的应用机会,同时主动放弃跟随策略,坚持在应用过程中自主创新。

This paper constructs a theoretical framework of how to break through the latecomer dilemma in the high-tech industry.Using a single longitudinal case study method,this paper makes a deep analysis of the historical process and causal mechanism of Huawei HiSilicon's mobile processor chip breaking the international monopoly.It is found that HiSilicon has adopted an unique vertical integration strategy and internal administrative coordination model,relying on its internal demand market to support the establishment and iteration of the product development platform of Kirin chip,while providing conditions for its development of differentiated competitive advantage based on the system competitiveness accumulated in the telecommunication industry.It is concluded that the biggest obstacle to the development of China's semiconductor industry is not the backwardness of technology or lack of capital,but how to obtain stable application markets and improvement opportunities when technology is temporarily backward.Therefore,Chinese government and enterprises should take full advantage of the purchasing power of domestic market to create enough application opportunities for the temporarily backward local technology and products;take the initiative to abandon the follow-up strategy and insist on independent innovation during the application process.