高质量发展视域下再探近代中国茶叶出口贸易衰败的原因

Exploring the Reasons for the Decline of Tea Export Trade in Modern China from the Perspective of High Quality Development

中国是茶的故乡,在国际上华茶曾长期处于垄断地位,但到20世纪30年代沦落至边缘。而造成的原因非常复杂,重要原因可归结为五个方面:栽培方面,固守粗放模式造成茶味淡薄;制造方面,不了解市场需求,粗制滥造有碍卫生安全,包装上因陋就简影响质量和销售;组织方面,中间环节多,秩序混乱,运销成本高昂;观念方面,质量和诚信意识淡漠,作伪掺杂影响茶叶质量形象和国际信用;政府方面,稅重且缺乏有效的引导、监管,影响国际竞争力。

China is the hometown of tea.In the international past,Chinese tea has been in a monopoly for a long time,but it fell to the edge in the 1930s.The causes are very complicated.The important reasons can be attributed to five aspects:cultivation,the adherence to the extensive mode results in a weak taste of tea;in terms of manufacturing,the market demand is not understood,and the lack of hygiene hinders health and safety,and the packaging affects quality and sales;There are many intermediate links,disordered order,high cost of transportation and transportation;in terms of concept,the sense of quality and integrity is indifferent,and the pseudo-doping affects the quality image and international credit of tea;on the government side,the tax is heavy and lacks effective guidance and supervision,which affects international competitiveness.