计及用户舒适度的电热水器多目标优化控制策略

Optimized control strategy of the electric water heater considering user comfort

需求响应通过电价或激励信号引导电力用户改变用电行为,提高电力系统的经济性和可靠性,用户的舒适度是需求响应项目在实行过程中需要考虑的重要内容。电热水器用量大、储热性较好,是重要的需求响应资源。文中以自动混水恒温型电热水器为研究对象,提出一种兼顾经济需求和舒适度的灵活调控方案,建立水箱热力学模型与自动混水阀控制系统,引入用电舒适度指标,建立了兼顾电费和舒适度指标的多目标优化模型;通过遗传算法优化求解,得到电热水器(EWH)最佳功率分布时段,并与传统控制策略和以最小化用电费用为目的的单目标优化策略进行对比,最后算例验证了该方法的有效性。

Demand response guides users to change power consumption behavior through electricity price or incentive signals,and improves efficiency and reliability of the power system.User comfort is of great significance that needs to be considered during the implementation of demand response programs.Due to the large electricity consumption and good heat storage capability,electric water heaters(EWH)are the important demand response resources.This paper proposes a flexible control scheme for the automatic water-mixed thermostat EWH aiming at balancing economical demand and demand on user comfort.The thermodynamic model of water tanks and automatic water mixing valve control system are established,an index reflecting the comfort degree of users is introduced.Based on which a multi-objective optimization is established,coping with both electricity consumption and user comfort index simultaneously.The optimal power distribution period of EWH is obtained through genetic algorithm.Results of the proposed method are compared with those by both traditional control strategy and single-objective optimization strategy aiming at minimizing electricity consumption.The effectiveness of the method is verified.