共治困境童年:我国孤儿社会保护体系构建的理论依据、制度基础和政策创新

Co-governance of Dilemma Childhood: Theoretical Perspective, Institutional Basis and Policy Innovation of Orphan Social Protection System Construction in China

城乡殊异的儿童福利供给困局、社区支持乏力、福利政策基层执行体系建设的滞后、家庭结构的变迁以及孤儿群体构成的复杂化导致以政府为责任主体的孤儿社会保护制度面临深度挑战。共治型儿童福利旨在整合多元主体的优势力量拓展孤儿与社会相连的网络,通过物质救助和精神供给的双重保护来淡化孤儿在困境童年的负面情感体验,增强孤儿的社会适应能力。应以共治型福利理念为导向创新孤儿社会保护政策及其衔接机制,政府应树立服务型政府理念,完善对民间孤儿院的儿童照管能力和福利供给质量的评估体系,让孤儿接受包括组建家庭生活方面的社会教育,为孤儿提供学习成长和融入社会的空间。

Government-sponsored orphan social protection system is facing challenges,which is due to the urban and rural child welfare supply dilemma,the inadequate community support,the backward grass-roots welfare policy implementation system,the changing family structure and the complicated composition of orphan groups.Co-governance of child welfare supply aims at expanding the network connecting orphans with the society through integration and cooperation of dominant forces,which weaken negative emotional experience in difficult childhood and enhance their social adaptability through dual protection of material assistance and spiritual supply.The social protection policy for orphans should be guided by the concept of co-governance welfare and its connection mechanism.The government should set up concept of service-oriented government,which improves the evaluation system of children's care ability and welfare supply quality of private orphanages so that orphans can receive social education including family life,and they can be provided with space for learning,growth and integration into society.