英源汉语外来词的语义分类和构词模式与特点——以《汉语外来词词典》3407个英源汉语外来词为例

Semantic Classification and Word Formation Patterns of Loan Words in Chinese from English and Their Characteristics——Taking 3407 English-Chinese Loanwords in the Dictionary of Chinese Loanwords as an Example

《汉语外来词词典》中,英源汉语外来词共计3407个。根据语义,英源外来词分为化学化工、度量单位、动植物名称等21类;这些英源汉语外来词具有类别交叉、直接拿来、词义扩大等6个特点;根据结构,英源外来词分为纯音译词、谐音译词、音译意译结合词等5类;它们分别具有直接译音、原词的发音+汉语词义和形式、音译+意译和意译+音译等5种结构模式。

In the Dictionary of Chinese Loanwords, there are 3,407 English source Chinese loanwords. According to the semantics, these loanwords are divided into 21 categories, such as chemical engineering, unit of measurement, animals and plants. These loanwords have six characteristics: category crossover, direct borrowing and word meaning expanding etc. According to the structure, English source Chinese loanwords are divided into five categories: pure transliterated words, homophonic translated words, transliterated free-to-translation combined words etc. They have five structural patterns: direct transliteration, original word pronunciation with Chinese word meaning and form, transliteration with free translation and free translation with transliteration etc.