2016年莱州湾扇贝养殖区浮游植物群落生态特征

Ecological Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community in Scallop Culture Area of Laizhou Bay in 2016

为了解莱州湾扇贝养殖区海域浮游植物群路结构变化特征,于2016年4—11月对其8个扇贝养殖区的浮游植物进行了逐月调查,并采用群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)等方法对浮游植物多样性进行了分析。本调查共鉴定浮游植物5门96种(属),其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)最多,有63种,其次为甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)和绿藻门(Chlorophyta),分别有14、9种,金藻门(Chrysophyta)和隐藻门(Cryptophyta)最少,各5种。5门浮游植物均存在优势种,其中硅藻门种类最多,且在个别月份形成绝对优势。浮游植物密度在0.51×10^4~112.04×10^4 cell/L之间,在6、9月出现高峰值;多样性指数在1.06~3.92之间,均匀度指数在0.26~0.96之间,物种丰富度指数在2.09~4.89之间。调查结果表明莱州湾扇贝养殖区浮游植物种类较多,多样性指数较高,群落结构较复杂,生态环境较稳定。

As a natural bait of scallop,the changes in density and community structure of phytoplankton have an important influence on the growth of scallop.In recent years,the importance of phytoplankton has been gradually recognized.Phytoplankton research is increasing.However,the research on phytoplankton in culture area is rarely reported,especially in Laizhou Bay-Shandong′s important aquaculture base.Based on the investigation of 8 scallop culture areas in Laizhou Bay,this study analyzed the change and diversity of phytoplankton community structure from April to November in 2016,hoping to provide scientific basis for scallop culture.The results show that 96 species in 5 phyla of phytoplankton were found during the investigation,including 63 species of Bacillariophyta,14 species of Pyrrhophyta,9species of Chlorophyta,5 species of Chrysophyta and 5 species of Cryptophyta.26 dominant species were found in 5 categories,among which the species of Bacillariophyta were still the most.The dominant species included Platymonas sp.,Chroomonas sp.,Guinardia delicatula,Cryptomonas sp.,Nitzschia longissima,Gymnodinium sp.,Coscinodiscus sp.,Chaetoceros sp.,Cyclotella sp.,Pseudonitzschia pungens,Skeletonemaceae costatum and so on,and some of which form an absolute dominant species in a few months.The density of phytoplankton was between 0.51×10^4 cells/L to 112.04×10^4 cells/L,with high peaks in June and September,and the difference of phytoplankton density among different farming areas was the largest in June,Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)was between 1.06 and 3.92,which was more than 1.00;the Pielou evenness index(J)is between 0.26 and 0.96,and only two breeding areas are less than 0.30 in a January;the Margalef richness index(D)is between 2.09 and 4.89,and the whole is at a high level.As a whole,the number of species was relatively large,the diversity index was higher,the structure of the community was more complex and the ecological environment was more stable,and all aquaculture areas are suitable for scallop culture in the scallop culture area of Laizhou Bay.