精神障碍患者非自愿住院程序问题研究

Study on Involuntary Hospitalization Procedure of Mental Disorder Patients

我国立法与实践中在精神障碍患者非自愿住院程序方面存在诸多问题,包括精神障碍诊断的主观性与滥用问题、“危险性”诊断标准较为抽象与缺乏“可治疗性”诊断标准、非自愿住院的决定主体不适格问题。这些问题严重损害了精神障碍患者的合法权益。针对上述问题,应当对“危险性”标准进行界定,确立合理的标准;增加“可治疗性”要件作为非自愿住院诊断标准,以实现治疗精神障碍的根本目的;建立针对非自愿住院治疗的司法审查或独立第三方机构审查模式,防止精神障碍诊断的滥用,确保公平和程序正义。

There are many problems in the involuntary hospitalization procedure of mental disorder patients in our legislation and practice,which includes the subjectivity and abuse of the diagnosis of mental disorders,the abstraction of the diagnostic criteria of"dangerous"and the lack of diagnostic criteria of"therapeutic",and the unqualified decision-maker of involuntary hospitalization.These problems have seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of patients with mental disorders.In response to the above problems,the"dangerous"criteria should be defined to establish reasonable standards;the"therapeutic"requirements should be added as the involuntary inpatient diagnostic criteria to achieve the fundamental purpose of treating mental disorders;a judicial review or independent third-party review model for involuntary hospitalization should be established to prevent the abuse of mental disorder diagnosis and ensure fairness and procedural justice.