中美医疗告知义务比较研究

Comparative Study on the Informing Obligation of Medical Care between China and U.S.

《侵权责任法》第五十五条界定了医疗告知义务的内容和形式,以此保护患者知情同意权。然而,告知义务不仅限于该规定的内容,还包括转诊告知、治愈率告知等义务。在美国,医师与患者利益冲突也是告知义务的内容。对比中国大陆、台湾地区和美国的法律、案例,发现美国的医疗告知义务更侧重对患者知情同意权的保护,而中国大陆和台湾地区则侧重告知义务的履行形式。对告知义务的违反意味着对患者知情同意权的侵犯。在美国对侵犯知情同意权的责任形态区分故意和过失,而在中国大陆,通常不作区分,一般只认定为有过错。

The article 55 of the Tort Liability Act defines the content and form of the informing obligation of medical care,in order to protect patients'rights of informed consent.However,the informing obligation of medical care provider is not only limited to the content of the provision,but also includes the obligation to inform referral and cure rate.In the United States,conflicts of interests between physicians and patients are also part of the disclosure information.Comparing the laws and cases of China's Mainland,Taiwan region and the United States,it is found that the informing obligation of medical care in the United States lays more emphasis on the protection of patients'rights of informed consent,while that in the mainland of China and Taiwan region lays more emphasis on the form of fulfilling the informing obligation of medical care.Violation of the informing obligation means infringement of the patients'rights of informed consent.In the United States,there is a distinction between intent and negligence in the form of liability for infringement of informed consent,while in mainland of China,there is no distinction between intentional fault and negligence,and it is generally recognized as malpractice.