国外农业天气指数保险发展实践及对中国的启示

The development of agricultural weather index insurance in foreign countries and its enlightenments to China

农业天气指数保险是农业保险创新性产品,在应对全球天气变化带来的农业生产风险方面有重要的作用。不同于传统农业保险产品,农业天气指数保险在克服逆向选择和道德风险、降低交易成本上具有明显优势。日本、加拿大和印度等国家农业天气指数保险发展取得了阶段性成就,对世界各国农业天气指数保险发展具有重要的借鉴意义。本文在总结日本、加拿大和印度3国农业天气指数保险发展经验的基础上,对比3国农业天气指数保险情况,分析中国农业天气指数保险发展现状及问题,并提出相应政策建议。研究发现,国外农业天气指数保险发展依靠各国较为完善的农业保险体系,其运行过程中又根据各国的现实需要创造了适合本国发展的保险制度和保险产品。各国依靠自身的农业保险体系,农业天气指数保险都得到了一定的发展和应用,解决了部分农业生产问题,对保障本国农业生产持续性发展具有重要作用。尤其是印度创新农业天气指数保险产品、日本实施自愿和强制参保制度以及加拿大开办农作物保险并向农民解释其原则等做法,对各国特别是发展中国家的农业天气指数保险的发展有重要的借鉴意义。

Agricultural weather index insurance is an innovative product of agricultural insurance and plays an im-portant role in dealing with the agricultural production risks brought by global weather changes.Unlike previous agricultural insurance products,agricultural weather index insurance has obvious advantages in overco-ming adverse selection and moral hazard as well as reducing transaction costs.Japan,Canada,India and other countries have made phased achievements in the development of agricultural weather index insurance,which can provide important references.This article sums up the experiences of Japan,Canada and India on the development of agricultural weather index insurance,compares the domestic and foreign agricultural weather in-dex insurance,analyzes the status quo of China’s agricultural weather index insurance,and draws lessons from the experiences of foreign agricultural weather index insurance development.The study finds that the development of foreign agricultural weather index insurance builds on a relatively complete agricultural insurance system in various countries,while in the course of its operation,it also creats insurance systems and insurance products suitable for domestic development according to the actual needs of various coun-tries.Relying on each country’s own agricultural insurance system,the agricultural weather index insurance has obtained certain development and application,solved some agricultural production problems,and played an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of its agricultural production.In particular,India’s innovation in agricultural weather index insurance products,the voluntary and compulsory insurance system in Japan,as well as the introduction of crop insurance in Canada and the interpretation of its principles to farmers,are all significant references for the development of agricultural weather index insurance in various countries,especially in developing countries.