扬州市2015～2017年无偿献血者抗-HIV及HIV-RNA检测结果调查分析

Investigation and analysis of anti-HIV and HIV-RNA detection results of unpaid blood donors in Yangzhou City from 2015 to 2017

目的了解扬州市2015年2月~2017年12月无偿献血者抗-HIV抗体及HIV-RNA检测情况。方法针对扬州市2015年2月~2017年12月121617例无偿献血者标本先进行2遍ELISA法检测抗-HIV抗体,然后对ELISA法结果两侧阴性或单侧阴性的116500例核酸标本再用PCR法检测HIV-RNA。抗-HIV抗体阳性送扬州CDC确证,HIV-RNA阳性送江苏省血液中心进一步确证。结果2015年2月~2017年12月抗-HIV抗体检出阳性57例,占0.05%,确证阳性13例,占0.01%;确证阳性均为ELISA法双试剂阳性标本,ELISA法单试剂阳性经确证均为阴性;HIV-RNA阳性检出4例,占0.003%,确证阳性2例,占0.002%。结论采、供血机构相关部门在献血前征询招募时,应充分考虑人群HIV感染分布特征,调整策略,相关部门应加强HIV相关知识的宣传普及工作,进一步确保血液安全。在血液病毒检测中,核酸检测与酶联免疫检测各具优势,两者互补,给予二者联合应用,提高血液病毒检测准确性。

Objective To understand the anti-HIV antibody and HIV-RNA detection of unpaid blood donors in Yangzhou City from February 2015 to December 2017.Methods Anti-HIV antibodies were detected by two-pass ELISA in 121,617 unpaid blood donors from February 2015 to December 2017 in Yangzhou City.Then,the HIV-RNA of 116,500 nucleic acid samples with both-sided negative or one-sided negative ELISA results were detected by PCR.The anti-HIV antibody positive samples were sent to Yangzhou CDC for confirmation,and the HIV-RNA positive samples were sent to the Jiangsu Provincial Blood Center for further confirmation.Results 57 cases of positive anti-HIV antibodies from February 2015 to December 2017 accounted for 0.05%.And 13 were positive,accounting for 0.01%.Confirmed positive specimens were ELISA double reagent positive specimens.Single reagent positive specimens by ELISA method were negative after confirmation.There were 4 cases of positive HIV-RNA,accounting for 0.003%,and 2 cases of confirmed positive,accounting for 0.002%.Conclusion Relevant departments of blood collection and blood supply institutions should fully consider the distribution characteristics of HIV infection in the population and adjust the strategy when consulting for recruitment before donating blood.Relevant departments should strengthen the promotion and popularization of HIV-related knowledge to further ensure blood safety.In the detection of blood virus,nucleic acid detection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have their own advantages,and the two complement each other,and the two are combined to improve the accuracy of blood virus detection.