清者自清,浊者自浊——“雪夜访戴”的历史维度考察

Confrontation in Demeanor Between True and False:Historical Dimension Investigation of "Calling on Dai Kui on a Snowy Night"

《世说新语·任诞》中记载了王子猷“雪夜访戴”乘兴而行、兴尽而返的故事,他的任真自然、风度超逸从此传为著名佳话。然而一旦回溯到历史语境,便会发现王子猷与他雪夜拜访的戴逵在思想观念、行为方式、品行风范方面存在着天壤之别。王子猷原本并无仰慕隐士之本心,不过欲借戴逵高士之名为自己猎取风雅之誉,这正是东晋一代世风的典型体现。戴逵所著《放达为非道论》曾一针见血地指出,辨其取舍,求其用心,元康之人的故作旷达,实为乱德乱道之举。戴逵对时代世风的深刻洞察足以戳穿王子猷之流的假面,因此子猷只能借“乘兴而行,兴尽而返”为自己开脱。这一段历史的佳话也许只是时间与距离的隔膜给予我们的审美错觉。

The book Shishuoxinyu records the story of Wang Ziyou's visit to Dai Kui on a snowy night and his return in full swing.From then on,his natural and elegant demeanor has become a well-known story.However,going back to the historical context,there are great differences in terms of ideology,behavior and conduct between Wang Ziyou and Dai Kui.Wang Ziyou has no original intention of admiring hermits,but he wants to use Dai Kuo's name to hunt for his reputation of elegance,which is the typical embodiment of the style of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Dai Kui points accurately out that people who intends to be wild in their speech and behavior during Yuan Kang era had seriously violated the morals in his essay of On Denying on Wild Speech and Behavior.Their real ideas is due to how to do between taking and leaving.In fact,Wang ziyou has a world of difference such as thoughts and behavior and morals with Dai Kui,which determines that he should feel much embarrassed in front of Dai Kui's true demeanor.So-called"taking advantage of pleasure and returning to the end"is only an excuse.This historical story may only be an aesthetic illusion given by the distance between time and distance.