不同剂型腐植酸复合肥在葡萄上的应用效果研究

Application effect of different dosages of humic acids compound fertilizer on grape

针对肥料施用不合理、葡萄品质下降等问题,通过设置9个不同腐植酸梯度与NPK(15-5-25)复合肥处理,利用田间试验探究腐植酸复合肥在葡萄上的应用效果。结果表明:施用腐植酸复合肥促进了葡萄叶片生长与叶绿素的累积,各腐植酸处理在膨果期与着色期的叶绿素增长率较对照分别上升了12.1～24.5个百分点和2.2～15.3个百分点;6%～8%添加量腐植酸处理的叶面积较对照分别增加了16.3%、11.5%、12.5%;高量的腐植酸添加(7%、8%)显著提高了果实Vc含量,较对照分别提高30.4%、26.0%,但对可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸的影响存在一定差异;与对照相比,腐植酸处理增产范围在0～16.7%间,施用一季腐植酸复合肥对葡萄产量的影响不显著,但穗重有增加趋势,增加范围在7.7%～23.1%间;收获后土壤有机质含量有所增加,增加范围为18.1%～66.7%,速效养分未见明显改善。总体来说,腐植酸对促进葡萄生长发育、改善品质具有积极作用,建议在葡萄种植中使用7%添加量的腐植酸复合肥。

Aiming at problems in grape production such as inappropriate usage of fertilizer,quality decline of grape,the present research explored the application effects of different dosages of humic acids(HA)compound fertilizer on the grapes by field experiment,which included 9 treatments:common compound fertilizer(CK)and 8 different dosages of humic acids compound fertilizer(HA x).The results showed that the application of HA fertilizer promoted the growth of grape leaves and chlorophyll.The growth rates of chlorophyll under HA treatments were increased by 12.1%-24.5%and 2.2%-15.3%during the fruit expanding stage and coloring period respectively.Compared with CK,the leaf area treated with 6%-8%HA fertilizer increased by 16.3%,11.5%and 12.5%,respectively.The high amount addition of HA(7%and 8%)significantly increased the vitamin C content of the fruit,which increased by 30.4%and 26.0%respectively compared to CK.However,HA did not show significantly effect on soluble solid content and titrable acidity in this grape planting system.Compared with CK,yield under HA treatments increased by 0-16.7%.It was found that the application of HA fertilizer for one season cannot significantly increase the yield of grape,but the weight of spike showed a growing trend,which increased 7.7%-23.1%.After harvest,the content of soil organic matter increased by 18.1%-66.7%.The nitrogen was mainly absorbed by plants,and the content of available phosphorus and potassium remained a high level.In general,HA fertilizer has positive effects on growth and quality of grapes.It is recommended to use 7%added HA compound fertilizer in grape planting system.