苦楝种源/家系幼林的性状变异及选择

Variation and Selection of Melia azedarach Provenances and Families

以来自14个地区(11个省份)的87个家系营造的种源/家系林为主要研究对象,通过观测统计3a生树高、胸径、枝下高、干形、冠幅与保存率等性状选择优良家系,再以广东地区3片试验林共有的27个家系为研究对象分析地点间稳定性。结果表明:除干形在种源间、保存率在区组与种源的交互项上无显著差异,其余各性状在区组间、种源间、家系间及互作效应上均存在显著或极显著差异,其中树高、胸径、枝下高、干形的差异主要来自种源内家系与区组互作项,冠幅和保存率的差异主要来自区组。树高与胸径的相关性较大,且均与形质性状存在一定相关性;地理变异趋势为采种点由南到北,苦楝生长变慢,且低海拔种源的保存率更高;气候生态学基础变异趋势为来自水热条件好,日照较少地区的种源生物量更大。主要性状育种值的排序选优与综合指数的排序选优结果较为一致,JX38、JX29、GD46、QZ08、GD45、HUN31、JX25、GD37、GD38与QZ03入选为优良家系,适宜在粤中地区推广种植;速生稳定型包括GD28、HAN15、HAN17、HAN3等家系,因具有较快的生长速度与良好的遗传稳定性而值得进一步关注。

In order to select plus families,the provenance/family text was developed with 87 families from 14 regions (11 provenances).Height,DBH,clear bole height,stem form and crown were measured,while survival rate was counted.Furthermore,the stability among sites was studied by 27 families common to 3 text forests in Guangdong provenance.The results showed that expect stem form in provenances and survival rate in the interaction item of block and provenance,other traits had significant or very significant variance among blocks,provenances,families and their interaction items.The difference of height,DBH,clear bole height and stem form were primary from the interaction item of block and family (provenance),while the major difference of crown and survival were from block.There was a well correlation between height and DBH,and they also presented relativity with stem-form traits.The regulation of geographic variation at seedling stage was the growth rate decreased as the provenances changed from south to north,and the provenances originated from low altitude had high preserving rate.Furthermore,the climatic and ecological basic was the provenances had bigger biomass from the area with better water and heat,but less sunshine.The selected result of the breeding value ranking of height and DBH was similar with the evaluated comprehensive index.JX38,JX29,GD46,QZ08,GD45,HUN31,JX25,GD37,GD38 and QZ03 were selected as superior families,which were suitable to plant widely in central Guangdong Provenance.Fast-growing stable type including GD28,HAN15,HAN17 and HAN3 need further attention for its rapid growth and well stability.