鼠茅草春播最适播期及对其生物学特性的影响

Optimum Spring Sowing Date of Vulpia myuros C.Gmelin and Influences of Its Biological Characteristics

[目的]为确定鼠茅草春播的最佳播期提供理论依据。[方法]通过大田试验,设置了2018年3月1日、3月8日、3月15日、3月22日共4个播种时期,研究不同播期对鼠茅草的株高、生物量及植株养分含量的影响。[结果]3月8日播种的鼠茅草,植株长势,田间覆盖度都较其他播期好,播种后111天鼠茅草地上部鲜重为21657.45kg/hm^2,干重为6159.75kg/hm^2;植株养分含量达到最高,其中全氮1.89%,全磷0.43%,全钾2.68%。3月中旬后随着播期的推迟,鼠茅草的出苗时间、出苗率、覆盖度都有所下降,生物量降低,植株养分含量逐渐下降,同时播种时土壤墒情及空气温度、湿度对出苗也有一定的影响。[结论]试验条件下为保证鼠茅草的覆盖度及地上部干物质量积累应适当早播,在3月中上旬较好。

[Objective] To provide a theoretical basis for determining the best sowing date of Vulpia myuros C.Gmelin spring sow.[Methods] Based on the field experiment, four seeding periods were set up on1 March , 8 March,15 March,and22 March,2018,the effects of different sowing dates of Vulpia myuros C.Gmelin on plant height, biomass and plant nutrient content of the thatch were studied.[Result] The Vulpia myuros C.Gmelin planted on March 8th, the plant growth and field coverage were better than other sowing dates.111 days after sowing,the fresh weight of the upper part of the grassland was21 657.45 kg/hm^2 and the dry weight was 6159.75 kg/hm^2. The plant nutrient content reached the highest, with total nitrogen1.89%, total phosphorus 0.43%, and total potassium2.68%.After mid-March, with the delay of sowing date, the emergence time, emergence rate and coverage of the Vulpia myuros C.Gmelin decreased, the biomass decreased, and the nutrient content of the plant gradually decreased.At the same time, soil moisture and air temperature and humidity have certain effects on emergence.[Conclusion] Under the test conditions, in order to ensure the coverage of the Vulpia myuros C.Gmelin and the accumulation of dry matter in the aboveground part, it should be properly broadcast early, which is better in the middle and early March.