马尾松林在湖北省森林生态服务中的地位与作用

Position and Function of Pinus Massoniana Forest in Forest Ecological Service in Hubei Province

本文以湖北省2009年森林资源二类清查数据为基础数据,结合野外调查实测数据和公开发表的文献数据,采用国家林业局颁布的林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T1721-2008),对湖北省不同森林类型的生态服务功能及价值进行了评估,以期探讨马尾松林在湖北省森林资源中的重要作用。结果表明:湖北省马尾松林生态系统服务功能总价值985.5亿元·a^-1,各类别服务价值顺序为:固碳释氧(363.7亿元·a^-1)>生物多样性保护(256.2亿元·a^-1)>涵养水源(149.0亿元·a^-1)>净化大气环境(112.9亿元·a^-1)>保育土壤(79.5亿元·a^-1)>积累营养物质(24.2亿元·a^-1)。湖北省马尾松林面积占湖北省所有森林面积的24.3%,在不考虑提供负离子和物种保育价值的前提下其生态服务价值为728.8亿元·a^-1,占湖北省森林生态服务总价值的27.3%,远大于其他林分类型(栎类13.0%,灌木林12.6%,其他硬阔叶林11.5%,阔叶混交9.5%,杨类5.1%,其他针叶纯林4.4%,杉木4.0%,针阔混交3.6%,其他软阔叶林2.4%,竹林1.5%,针叶混交林0.4%,经济林0.3%)的生态服务价值。马尾松单位面积生态服务价值为32699.1元·hm^-2·a^-1,高于杨类、栎类、软阔叶林、阔叶混交林、经济林、竹林和灌木林的单位面积生态服务价值。湖北省马尾松林的生态服务价值主要体现在固碳释氧、生物多样性保护和涵养水源价值上。因此,应当加强对马尾松林的保护和科学管理,以发挥其作为重要造林树种的生态服务功能。

According to the standards of Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem services in China (LY/T 1721-2008) published by State Forestry Administration,we evaluated the ecological service function and value of different forest types in Hubei Province in order to explore the important role of Pinus Massoniana forest in the forest resources of this province based on the forest inventory data in 2009,combined with published literature data and field survey data.The main results are as follows: The ecosystem services value of Pinus massoniana forest in Hubei province was 98.55 billion yuan/a.The order of service value is carbon fixation and oxygen release (36.37 billion yuan/a)> biodiversity conservation (25.62 billion yuan/a)> water conservation (14.90 billion yuan/a)> atmospheric environment purification (11.29 billion yuan/a)> soil conservation (7.95 billion yuan/a)> nutrients accumulation (2.42 billion yuan/a).The area of Pinus massoniana forest in Hubei Province accounts for 24.30% of the total forest area of Hubei Province.The ecological service value of Pinus massoniana forest was 72.88 billion yuan/a without considering the value of providing negative ions and species conservation,accounting for 27.25% of the total forest in Hubei Province,which is much larger than that of other forest types (Quercus spp.forest 13.0%,shrub forest 12.6%,hardwood broadleaved forest 11.5%,broadleaved mixed forest 9.5%,Populus forest 5.1%,pure coniferous forest 4.4%,Cunninghamia lanceolate forest 4.0%,coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest 3.6%,soft broadleaved forest 2.4%,bamboo forest 1.5%,coniferous mixed forest 0.4%,economic forest 0.3%).The per unit area value of Pinus massoniana forest was 32 699.1 yuan·hm^-2 ·a^-1,which was higher than the value of Populus forest,Quercus spp.forest,soft broadleaved forest,broadleaved mixed forest,economic forest,bamboo forest and shrub forest.Carbon fixation and oxygen release,biodiversity conservation and water conservation were the main ecological service functions of Pinus massoniana forest in Hubei province.Therefore,the protection and scientific management of Pinus massoniana forest should be strengthened so as to give play to its ecological service function as an important afforestation tree species.