P2P网贷行业风险及监管对策研究

Research on Risk and Supervision Strategy of P2P Network Loan Industry

P2P网络借贷是一种2005年起源于英国名为Zopa的网络融资模式,自2007年起便在我国得到快速发展。作为互联网金融领域的重要组成部分,这一新型融资平台在成立之初不但得益于国家对此实行宽松的政策环境,更受益于我国快速发展的市场经济和巨大融资需求,这都使网贷平台发展如雨后春笋生机勃勃。但随着近几年的发展网贷平台出现大量风险隐患,例如由于监管法律滞后,一些平台依靠信息优势进行非法集资和资金自融,将投资者资金用于非投资标的,并且在资金链断裂后卷款跑路,给投资者带来巨大风险;对待借款者存在恶意追讨行为,采用“呼死你”等方式进行电话骚扰,甚至用涉嫌黑社会性质方式追讨欠款,危害社会秩序影响恶劣,不利于行业良性发展;对待借款者信用和资产资金运行情况了解披露不足,使得投资者不能有效判断风险,单纯依赖平台信用,一旦平台运行出现隐患,借款者就存在恶意拖欠行为,并且也扭曲了网贷平台的中介作用,使得一些网贷平台利用自身信用优势进行违法集资。因此对互联网金融这个新事物既要鼓励其发展,又要加强风险监管,李克强总理在2018年政府工作报告中也提到要标本兼治,消除风险隐患,加强金融机构风险内控。因此笔者根据近几年网贷平台暴雷案件的情况进行经验总结,提出与当前行业发展情况相适应的监管对策,以达到风险可控利于网贷平台发展,并保障投资者和借款者各自利益的作用。

P2P network lending is a kind of network financing mode originated from Zopa in England in 2005,which has been developing rapidly in China since 2007.As an important part of the Internet Finance field,this new financing platform not only benefited from the relaxed policy environment of the country,but also benefited from the rapid development of market economy and huge financing demand of our country,which made the development of Internet lending platform springing up vigorously.However,with the development of online lending platforms in recent years,a large number of risks have arisen.For example,due to the lag of regulatory laws,some platforms rely on information advantages for illegal fund-raising and self-financing,use investor funds for non-investment targets,and run away after the breakdown of the capital chain,which brings huge risks to investors;there is malicious recovery behavior towards borrowers,such as"calling you to death"and so on.The way of telephone harassment,or even using the suspected underworld nature to recover arrears,endangers social order,affects badly,and is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry;the lack of understanding and disclosure of borrowers'credit and capital operation makes investors unable to effectively judge risks,relying solely on platform credit.Once the platform operation has hidden dangers,the borrowers will have malicious defaults.And it also distorts the intermediary role of the online lending platform,making some online lending platforms use their credit advantages to raise funds illegally.Therefore,the new thing of Internet finance should not only encourage its development,but also strengthen risk supervision.Premier Li Keqiang also mentioned in the government work report in 2018 that we should treat both the root causes and root causes,eliminate potential risks and strengthen risk internal control of financial institutions.Therefore,the author summarizes the experience of thunderstorm cases of online lending platform in recent years,and puts forward regulatory countermeasures that are more suitable for the current industry development,in order to achieve risk control and benefit the development of online lending platform,and to protect the respective interests of investors and borrowers.