“追明蔑清”:明清之际朝鲜对于“中华”概念之矛盾情结探析

An Analysis of the Intricate Complex about the Concept of “Zhonghua”in Korea at the Turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

历史上朝鲜一直试图融入古代中国所营造之“华夷体系”,甚至有“小中华”之称,“华夷”之别观念由来已久。对于中华文化之倾慕,造就其心态,似乎中华文明在当时已高于其本国文明。然而明季变乱,满洲人建立清王朝,朝鲜君臣亦因其本非“中华”而思念旧朝,蔑视新朝,虽则表面对于清朝臣属,内心却不承认其正统性,其后在多个方面亦有反抗之思想与行动。大概出于一种捍卫大明,甚至中华文明、儒家文化之本心,并视自己为大明道统之继承者。然而这一切,似乎都反应出朝鲜对于中华之矛盾情结。

Korea was trying to join the"Huayi"system founded by Ancient China in history,that is why Korea was also called"Little China".They thought that Chinese culture was the best in the world due to the adoration.However,since the establishment of the Qing dynasty,the monarch and his subjects of Lee Korean do not admit to the legitimacy of Qing because they are not from so called“Zhonghua”.So the monarch and his subjects of Lee Korean submited themselves to the rule of Qing Dynasty but revolted it privately.It may proceed from the heart of defending Chinese culture and Confucian culture,so that they thought they had the heirship to the culture.The intricate complex about the concept called zhonghua would be confusing to them due to all these.