19至20世纪西方鉴藏与研究视野中的中日绘画

On the Chinese and Japanese Paintings in the Western Collection and Research in 19th and 20th Century

从19世纪末至20世纪60年代一百余年来,在西方人的鉴藏和研究中的中日绘画被视为远东艺术,也称东亚艺术。西方人并非全然将中国画作为独立范畴来理解,而是作为远东艺术中的一类看待。在18、19世纪西方与中日艺术接触之初,他们只具有对异国人种学的兴趣;19世纪后期至20世纪初,日本通过种种手段获得了西方的认可,日本画在评价上胜过了中国画;在20世纪初,西方对中国画的鉴赏趣味也主要取自于日本;20世纪30至40年代,美国等国家一度由于战争的原因对日本艺术有所抵触,但在二战后又因为种种原因迅速恢复了兴趣;1949年至60年代,西方对中日绘画的研究终于步入理性比较而非主观评判的学术阶段。

From the end of the 19 th century to the 1960 s, Chinese and Japanese paintings in the collection and research of Westerners were regarded as Far Eastern art, also known as East Asian art. Westerners do not fully understand Chinese art as an independent category, but as a category in Far Eastern art. At the beginning of the contact between Western and East Asian art, most Western people just held the curious interest to exotic culture. From the late 19 th to early 20 th century,Japanese got the recognition from West through varieties means. As a result, Japanese art got higher evaluation than Chinese art. In the early 20 th, the Western’s collection taste of Chinese painting was also from Japanese. From 1930 s to 1940 s, The United States has resisted Japanese art at a time for the sake of war. However, their interest has recovered for some reasons after the World War II. From 1949 to 1960 s, the Western study to Chinese and Japanese painting has eventually stepped into the rational compare without most of the subjective judgments before.