南滚河自然保护区森林群落特征与土壤性质之间关联分析

Correlation Analysis between Forest Community Characteristics and Soil Characteristics in Nangunhe Nature Reserve

植被类型与土壤特征之间关联性是理解“植被-环境”相互作用关系的基础,也是生态系统经营管理的重要依据。以南滚河自然保护区5种不同森林类型为研究对象,利用灰色关联法分析不同森林类型群落多样性与土壤环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,不同森林类型群落多样性存在显著差异,物种多样性指数由大到小依次为:山地雨林(Ⅱ)>沟谷雨林(Ⅰ)>半常绿季雨林(Ⅲ)>季风常绿阔叶林(Ⅳ)>中山湿性常绿阔叶林(Ⅴ)。土壤理化性质亦存在一定差异,总体而言,中山湿性常绿阔叶林的土壤理化状况优于较其他森林类型。关联度分析表明,森林群落多样性及群落特征参数与土壤理化指标的关联度存在一定差异。其中,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数与土壤pH、速效氮、全磷和容重的关联度最大;Simpson指数与土壤速效氮、有机质、全氮和容重的关联度最大;年均降雨量、年均温度、乔木覆盖度、林下植被覆盖度、凋落物厚度和土壤厚度与土壤有机质、pH、速效氮、全氮、含水量和容重的关联度最大。5种森林类型群落多样性、群落特征参数与土壤因子之间的关联度整体>0.6,均与土壤含水量和容重有较高的关联关系。表明南滚河自然保护区不同森林类型下“植被-土壤特征”存在显著的关联作用及样地差异性,与森林群落的组成、结构、多样性及样地微环境紧密的关联。

The correlation between vegetation types and soil characteristics is the basis for understanding the interaction between vegetation and environment,and also an important basis for ecosystem management.Five different forest types in the Nangunhe Nature Reserve were used as research objects,and the relationship between community diversity and soil environmental factors of different forest types was analyzed by gray correlation method.The results showed that there were significant differences in community diversity among different forest types.The order of species diversity index from large to small was mountain rainforest (Ⅱ)>ravine rainforest (Ⅰ)>half evergreen monsoon forest (Ⅲ)>monsoon evergreen broad leaved forest (Ⅳ)>mid-mountain humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (Ⅴ).There were also some differences in the physicochemical properties of soil.In general,the soil physicochemical status of mid-mountain humid evergreen broad-leaved forest was better than other forest types.Correlation analysis showed that there was a certain difference in the degree of correlation between forest community diversity and soil physicochemical indicators.Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou index and Margalef richness index were most significantly correlated with soil pH,available nitrogen,total phosphorus and bulk density.Simpson index was most significantly correlated with soil available nitrogen,organic matter,total nitrogen and bulk density.The annual average rainfall,annual average temperature,canopy density,coverage,litter thickness and soil thickness were most significantly correlated with soil organic matter,pH,available nitrogen,total nitrogen,water content and bulk density in forest community.The correlation degrees between community diversity,community characteristics and soil factors of the five forest types were greater than 0.6,which were highly correlated with soil water content and bulk density.It indicated that there was a significant correlation between the “vegetation-soil characteristics” under different forest types in the Nangunhe Nature Reserve and the differences in plots,which were closely related to the composition,structure,diversity and micro-environment of the forest community.