深圳城市森林声景观对人体心理及生理影响分析

Effect of Shenzhen Urban Forest Soundscape on Psychological and Physiological Changes of Human Beings

为更好地揭示城市森林声环境对人的影响,以深圳市城市噪音为对照,将深圳市园山风景区内的鸟鸣声、鸟虫混合声及虫鸣声3种典型的森林声环境作为研究对象,并针对其与听力正常及心理健康的在校大学生的心率、呼吸频率和皮肤电导率等生理指标和愉悦度、兴奋度和语义差异等心理指标之间的相互关系开展了研究。结果表明,被测试者在听完城市噪声后再听不同的森林声音,均出现心率上升、呼吸频率和皮肤电导率下降的变化,鸟鸣声对呼吸频率以及皮肤电导率的影响最大,变化率分别为10.68%和52.46%;鸟虫混合声对心率变化的影响最大,变化率为2.21%;心理评价得分上,鸟鸣声的愉悦度(1.52)、兴奋度(0.83)和SD因子得分(0.16)均为最高,人们普遍显示出了对鸟鸣声环境的喜爱;心理与生理指标的相关性分析中,除呼吸频率与兴奋度间未发现相关性以外,其余各项指标在0.01水平上显著相关。人们更加喜爱具有鸟鸣元素的森林声环境,而对纯虫鸣的森林声环境评价较低。研究结果可望对城市森林声景观评价、对森林声景观资源开发与保护具有一定的指导意义。

The forest environment is full of all kinds of sound elements,such as birds,insects etc.However,there are few studies on the evaluation of urban forest soundscape resources by quantitative and comprehensive evaluation system,and the relationship between urban forest soundscape resources and human psychology and physiology is not clear.In order to better reveal the impact of urban forest sound environment on human beings,in this study,urban noise in Shenzhen was taken as a contrast,and 3 typical forest sound environments,such as bird sonic sound,bird insect mixed sound and insect sound,were taken as the research objects.Students with normal hearing and mental health were selected.The relationships between soundscape and physiological indexes such as heart rate,respiratory rate and electrical conductivity of skin and psychological indexes such as pleasure,excitement and semantic difference were studied.The results showed that the heart rate,respiratory rate and skin conductance decreased after hearing the sounds of forest.The effect of birdsong on respiratory rate and skin conductivity was the largest,with a change rate of 10.68% and 52.46%,respectively.The bird insect mixed sound had the greatest impact on heart rate,with a change rate of 2.21%.On the score of psychological evaluation,the pleasure (1.52),excitement (0.83) and SD factor scores (0.16) of bird songs were the highest.People all enjoy the birdsong environment.In the correlation analysis of psychological and physiological indexes,except the correlation between the respiratory frequency and the excitability,other indexes were significantly correlated on the level 0.01.People prefer the forest sound environment with birds elements,while the evaluation of the insects sound environment was low.The results of this study were expected to be useful for the evaluation of urban forest soundscape and for the development and protection of forest soundscape resources.